tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81618083477422674972024-03-13T22:25:50.072-07:00WRITERFIELDBlog of everythings, Fun, downloads, musics, free, education, informations, info etc.Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.comBlogger164125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-86379930593233985452017-09-05T08:16:00.001-07:002017-09-05T08:16:06.525-07:0061 Instansi Pemerintah Buka 17.928 Lowongan CPNS - Pengumuman penerimaan CPNS 2017 tahap II <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Berikut adalah bunyi pengumunan </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pemerintah Buka Penerimaan CPNS di 60 K/L dan Pemprov Kaltara </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-i2VJgLsZIlDh6lFAhmhwJwBI5TaYt79KL3VRxK1V7alQbfAgjknORxLKGct16NAmvM31IUZ9YoCgVnihoFdOd2_tTS7x-iFK7HvLKBmVUSYttJmGb1rXwNuRmsweejDpY-jxPCwc-s/s1600/bkn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="508" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF-i2VJgLsZIlDh6lFAhmhwJwBI5TaYt79KL3VRxK1V7alQbfAgjknORxLKGct16NAmvM31IUZ9YoCgVnihoFdOd2_tTS7x-iFK7HvLKBmVUSYttJmGb1rXwNuRmsweejDpY-jxPCwc-s/s400/bkn.JPG" width="358" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lagi, 61 Instansi Pemerintah Buka 17.928 Lowongan CPNS</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pemerintah Buka Penerimaan CPNS di 60 K/L dan Pemprov Kaltara</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Setelah sebelumnya Pemerintah membuka penerimaan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) batch I tahun 2017,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">yakni pada Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia (Kemenkum HAM) dan Mahkamah Agung (MA),</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pemerintah kembali membuka lowongan batch II sebanyak 17,928 formasi CPNS pada 60</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kementerian/Lembaga (K/L) dan Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Utara pada tahun 2017 ini.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVBIwUVIr07do_AMp7Ij3Pi0kxVxBKY-AARewqFAJIWQbPjBrpSRlgwAb37ex9fsYt9b4pHnaXNJpg0RF6Z2Kg7USFm0VEnghabF1Khfg6hGPRoyREVgKYxgPLWQFDDAYtpGeI7YjNS2k/s1600/sss.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="498" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVBIwUVIr07do_AMp7Ij3Pi0kxVxBKY-AARewqFAJIWQbPjBrpSRlgwAb37ex9fsYt9b4pHnaXNJpg0RF6Z2Kg7USFm0VEnghabF1Khfg6hGPRoyREVgKYxgPLWQFDDAYtpGeI7YjNS2k/s400/sss.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Informasi lowongan tertuang pada website kementerian bersangkutan dengan ciri utama menggunakan domain</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">go.id, website menpan.go.id, sscn.bkn.go.id, atau akun media sosial utama BKN yaitu facebook.com/bkngoid</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dan twitter.com/bkngoid.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Melalui siaran pers ini disampaikan kepada publik bahwa pendaftaran online penerimaan CPNS pada 60 K/L</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">mulai 5 September 2017, pukul 23.00 melalui sscn.bkn.go.id.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bagi pelamar CPNS Kemenkum HAM dan MA yang dinyatakan tidak lolos seleksi administrasi diberikan</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">peluang untuk kembali melamar CPNS di 60 K/L tersebut dengan catatan hanya dapat memilih satu instansi</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dan satu formasi.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pelamar yang sebelumnya sudah melamar pada seleksi Kemenkum HAM dan MA tidak perlu lagi membuat</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">akun saat akan melamar ke 60 K/L ini.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pelamar tinggal log-in pada web sscn.bkn.go.id dengan memasukan NIK dan password yang digunakan pada</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">pelamaran di batch I. Selengkapnya informasi K/L dan Pemerintah Provinsi yang membuka lowongan adalah</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">sebagai berikut:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kementerian</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. Kementerian Keuangan, 2.880</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. Kementerian ESDM, 65</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 300</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, 160</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, 329</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6. Kementerian Perindustrian, 380</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7. Kementerian PUPR, 1.000</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8. Kementerian Pariwisata, 40</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">9. Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/BPN, 1.610</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">10. Kementerian LHK, 700</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">11. Kementerian Perhubungan, 400</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">12. Kementerian Luar Negeri, 75</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">13. Kementerian Desa, PDT, dan Transmigras, 91</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">14. Kementerian Kesehatan, 1.000</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">15. Kementerian Pertanian, 475</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">16. Kementerian Sosial, 160</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">17. Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan PT, 1.500</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">18. Kementerian PPN/BAPPENAS, 38</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">19. Kementerian PANRB, 91</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">20. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, 21</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">21. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara, 178</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">22. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman, 40</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">23. Kementerian Agama, 1.000</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">24. Kementerian Perdagangan, 65</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">25. Kementerian Pemuda dan Olah Raga, 27</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">26. Kementerian Bidang Polhukam, 25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">27. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian, 25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">28. Kementerian BUMN, 25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">29. Kementerian KUKM, 25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">30. Kementerian Pertahanan, 50</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LEMBAGA</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">31. Kejaksaan Agung, 1.000</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">32. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), 175</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">33. Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN), 98</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">34. Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI), 60</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">35. Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM), 28</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">36. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), 175</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">37. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN), 10</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">38. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), 90</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">39. Badan Nasional Pengawasan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI), 87</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">40. Komisi Yudisial (KY), 33</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">41. Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN), 275</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">42. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Teroris (BNPT), 60</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">43. Badan SAR Nasional, 160</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">44. Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPKP), 300</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">45. Badan Keamanan Laut (BAKAMLA), 225</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">46. Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP), 182</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">47. Lembaga Penerbagan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN), 99</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">48. Badan Ekonomi Kreatif, 93</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">49. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, 110</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">50. Badan Intelijen Nasional (BIN), 199</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">51. Badan Kepegawaian Negara (BKN), 212</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">52. Badan Kependudukan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN), 157</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">53. Setjen DPR, 85</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">54. Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG), 67</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">55. Lembaga Administrasi Negara (LAN), 299</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">56. Mahkamah Kontitusi (MK), 70</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">57. Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, 200</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">58. Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP), 25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">59. Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisa Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK), 53</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">60. Lembaga Sandi Negara (LEMSANEG), 26</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PROVINSI</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">61. Kalimantan Utara, 500</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sebelum mendaftar, pelamar disarankan agar: (1) membaca dengan teliti dan seksama persyaratan dan</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">kualifikasi formasi, dan (2) memastikan bahwa NIK dan KK telah diverifikasi di server Ditjen. Kependudukan dan</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Catatan Sipil, Kemendagri.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dua batch penerimaan CPNS ini dibuka Pemerintah dalam rangka akselerasi pencapaian Program Nawacita.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Seleksi masuk birokrasi ini akan menjaring generasi terbaik bangsa guna mendukung terwujudnya pelaksanaan</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">kerja Pemerintah yang efektif dan berkualitas.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jakarta, 5 September 2017,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kepala Biro Hubungan Masyarakat,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ttd</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mohammad Ridwan</span>Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-79702931572511054942016-09-01T23:23:00.002-07:002016-09-01T23:23:43.557-07:00Download Buku Petunjuk Penggunaan Aplikasi PMP 2016 PDF Dunia Pendidikan memang tak bisa lepas dari perkembangan. Dengan adalanya kemudahan teknologi yang ada sekarang, menjadikan pengembangan dunia pendidikan bisa ditingkatkan dengan baik.<br />
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Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-70831541089002906032016-03-06T16:39:00.002-08:002016-03-06T16:39:40.356-08:00Persyaratan Mendaftar SNMPTN 2016SNMPTN merupakan salah satu cara untuk bisa masuk perguruan tinggi negeri tanpa mengikuti tes. Dengan adanya fasilitas online yang ada memudahkan pihak sekolah ataupun siswa untuk mendaftar. Berikut ini adalah tahapan dan juga syarat mengikuti SNMPTN 2016:<br />
<br />
<br />
Tahapan pendaftaran SNMPTN<br />
- Siswa melakukan pendaftaran SNMPTN<br />
- Siswa memfinalisasi pendaftaran SNMPTN (pendaftaran tidak dapat diubah lagi)<br />
- Siswa memperoleh nomor pendaftaran SNMPTN dan mencetak kartu tanda peserta<br />
Persyaratan Pendaftaran SNMPTN<br />
- Siswa SMA/MA, SMK kelas terakhir pada tahun 2016 yang:<br />
- memiliki prestasi unggul yaitu: calon peserta masuk peringkat terbaik di sekolah pada semester tiga, semester empat dan semester lima, dengan ketentuan berdasarkan akreditasi sekolah sebagai berikut:<br />
- akreditasi A, 75% terbaik di sekolahnya;<br />
- akreditasi B, 50% terbaik di sekolahnya;<br />
- akreditasi C, 20% terbaik di sekolahnya;<br />
- akreditasi lainnya, 10% terbaik di sekolahnya.<br />
- memiliki NISN dan terdaftar pada PDSS,<br />
- memiliki nilai rapor semester satu sampai semester lima (bagi siswa SMA/MA, SMK tiga tahun) atau nilai rapor semester satu sampai semester tujuh (bagi SMK empat tahun) yang telah diisikan pada PDSS.<br />
- memenuhi persyaratan lain yang ditentukan oleh masing-masing PTN (dapat dilihat pada laman PTN bersangkutan).Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-13698672994385052772015-06-05T19:58:00.001-07:002015-06-05T19:58:07.689-07:00Smadav 2015 terbaru ada disini dan bisa di download secara gratis<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjg04w1DeuTMv-0bHbw_QmbyCG0cpkTk8dl6wWUXIqIMwuiM9r7NWeWLaON9kKhGll5rdXviP07P3BTiaozihPMFHReDGov9m-knALZNhaqdd-BtGr3-D9x6Ag4b9JAtudLLv8M0PcQhg/s1600/sfsfssg.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjg04w1DeuTMv-0bHbw_QmbyCG0cpkTk8dl6wWUXIqIMwuiM9r7NWeWLaON9kKhGll5rdXviP07P3BTiaozihPMFHReDGov9m-knALZNhaqdd-BtGr3-D9x6Ag4b9JAtudLLv8M0PcQhg/s400/sfsfssg.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span>Smadav merupakan antivirus buatan Indonesia yang sudah sangat terkenal penggunaannya, antivirus ini sangat ampuh untuk men-scan flashdisk yang baru akan dihubungkan dengan perangkat komputer.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span>Pengguna komputer seprtinya wajib untuk menggunakan antivirus ini. Dari segi ringannya aplikasi program, ini cocok digunakan di segala jenis komputer windows. Anda juga bisa mendapatkan versi PRO-nya dengan membeli dari pembuat Smadav. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smadav 2015 Rev. 10.1 dirilis !!</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smadav 2015 terbaru ada disini dan bisa di download secara gratis </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />DOWNLOAD DISINI</span></div>
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<a href="http://adf.ly/1ILWYe"><img alt=" DOWNLOAD SMADAV" border="0" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL5SPK_wNSVTlTEU5h4pL6HFs4ujvn8cJmkv6HryUXAKzCtRCcrjNUm0nzz6mO8uuBuoZZH7lkeXvF9OTTSRvu_oVnqxcjaoffLUTGhf7O_vSQuCPD6gV1orYX_eYizC5AePDjTixFUqg/s320/download_button.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smadav 2015 terbaru ada disini dan bisa di download secara gratis</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smadav 2015 terbaru ada disini dan bisa di download secara gratis</span></b></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smadav 2015 terbaru ada disini dan bisa di download secara gratis</span></b></span></b></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kata Kunci: Smadav 2015 Terbaru - Smadav 2015 10.1 </span></b></span></b></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b> </span></b> </span></b></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-32991448783105355582015-06-05T19:42:00.000-07:002015-06-05T19:42:00.764-07:00Cara Mendownload File dari Google Drive<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Google Drive merupakan layanan penyimpanan data yang dikembangkan oleh Google.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Apabila anda merasa kesulitan untuk mengunduh file dari webnya, berikut caranya:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Setelah link unduh didapatkan, perhatikan gambar dibawah ini:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgpvvH7FC8HWAo1zqd3MxhFdFzu9uyqz9NwtBSamo-1pv4QehVdMZeNsdQu5jBXCQcSU2yC7ARiAHCZpzlFBVuWmboMohJaXZMaQu_x2auvPNpyOF2MLCg_DZNQeze1h-8f-qKhITgLos/s1600/CURSOR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgpvvH7FC8HWAo1zqd3MxhFdFzu9uyqz9NwtBSamo-1pv4QehVdMZeNsdQu5jBXCQcSU2yC7ARiAHCZpzlFBVuWmboMohJaXZMaQu_x2auvPNpyOF2MLCg_DZNQeze1h-8f-qKhITgLos/s640/CURSOR.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gampang kan?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Me, </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><u>Aris Darmapati </u></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-77416265662165278942014-12-19T16:43:00.005-08:002014-12-19T16:43:52.044-08:00Contoh Cerpen SMA - code 005<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>BENGAL</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ardi,
seorang anak Bengal yg kerjaannya hanya bermain saja setiap hari. Sangat
pemalas, malas membantu orang tua, juga malas bersekolah. Ia berumur sebelas
tahun, dan ia sudah duduk dibangku kelas 5 SD. Ia sebenarnya adalah anak yg
pintar, namun ia malas belajar. Prestasinya disekolahpun tidak mengecewakan.
Selalu mendapat ranking</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2 dikelasnya. Ia
adalah seorang anak yg ganteng. Sehingga walaupun umurnya masih sebelas tahun,
sudah banyak yg naksir kepadanya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Karena
kebandelannya ia sering sekali dimarah oleh orang tuanya dirumah maupun
guru-gurunya disekolah. Namun tetap saja ia tidak berubah. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sebenarnya
ia adalah anak yg baik, namun karena umurnya yg masih begitu muda, ia belum
bisa menentukan mana yg baik dan mana yg buruk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Suatu hari,
ia sedang bermain dengan teman-temannya. Nopa, Tengtong dan Udik. Mereka semua
tengah bermain sepeda dijalan dekat rumah Ardi. Karena pada waktu itu siang
hari dan cuacanya sangat panas, Ardi mempunyai ide. Dan memberitahu kepada
teman-temannya. “wooy panas sekali, mandi disungai yuuk” kata Ardi. “ayooo”
celetuk Veri menandakan ia setuju. “tapi kamu kan gak dikasi sama bapakmu mandi
disungai Di” kata Nopa memberitahu. “hallaah gak kenapa itu pa, gak diliat
juga” Ardi beralasan. “nah, trus kalo sampai ditau bapakmu gimana? Kan bisa aja
dia datang ke sungai nyariin kamu” imbuh Udik. “mmmh kalo masalah itu, kita kan
bisa liat-liat kejalan siapa tau ada bapaku. Nanti kalo bapakku datang, kita
kan bisa langsung kabur pake sepeda” Ardi meyakinkan. “siiip kalo gitu” kata
Udik sambil kegirangan. “ayoo berangkat”
Tengtong mengajak.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mereka pun berangkat menuju sungai yg akan dipakai
untuk tempat mandi. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sampai disana, mereka langsung menanggalkan
pakaiannya masing-masing dan langsung melompat kegirangan ke sungai.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">30 menit telah berlalu. Karena terlalu keasikan
berenang, merekapun lupa akan rencana mereka mengawasi bapak Ardi yg siapa tahu
tiba-tiba datang mencari Ardi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Benar saja, bapak Ardi tiba-tiba saja datang tanpa
diketahui oleh Ardi dan teman-temannya,dan bapak Ardi langsung berteriak
“MEMET!!” teriak bapak Ardi. (Memet adalah nama panggilan Ardi yg sampai saat
ini tidak ditau siapa yg panggil nama itu pertama kali) Ardi dan teman-temannya
sangat kaget dan ketakutan. Dan akhirnya merah muda telinga Ardi karena dijewer
oleh bapaknya. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bahkan peristiwa itupun tidak membuat Ardi menjadi
kapok. Ia selalu membuat masalah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kerjaannya hanya bermain dan meminta uang kepada
orang tua. Sehingga membuat orang tuanya stress. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sampai pada suatu kejadian yg membuat hidup Ardi
benar-benar berubah. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pada saat itu sore hari, Ardi sedang bermain bola
dilapangan SD tempat ia bersekolah. Bersama teman-temannya ia menendang bola
kesana kemari dan berlari-lari kegirangan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Satu jam telah berlalu, dan Ardi mulai kehausan.
Iapun beristirahat dibawah pohon mangga yg ada disekolahnya. “kenapa udahan
mainnya?” Tanya tengtong yg pada saat itu ikut bermain bola. “capek tong, panas
sekali” Ardi memberi penjelasan. Udik pun juga ikut mengeluh “iya saaah panas sekali,
pengen yg seger-seger”. “gimana kalo kita cari jambu aja? Lumayan kan bisa
bikin seger. Mumpung jambu yg disebelah pagar sekolah itu lagi berbuah”. Usul
Nopa, karena memang jambu yg terdapat disebelah pagar SD tempat mereka sekolah
sedang lebat-lebatnya berbuah. “ayolah, tapi kamu yg naik pa” perintah Ardi
sambil cengar cengir.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“masa cuma saya sih? Gak adil kan, kita manjat
sama-sama aja” kata nopa mengajak. “iya-iya
deh kalo gitu, ayo berangkat” ajak Ardi. Mereka ber-empat pun berangkat menuju pohon
jambu tersebut. Mereka ber-empat memang selalu bermain bersama-sama, karena
rumah mereka yg letaknya tidak terlalu berjauhan. Bahkan disekolahpun mereka
duduk berdekatan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sesampainya dipohon jambu tersebut mereka bergegas
untuk memanjat. Tapi ada sesuatu yg dilihat nopa dipohon jambu tersebut. “ooy
tunggu dulu, itu apa yaa? Kok kaya sarang lebah?” nopa bertanya kepada
teman-temannya. “itu Cuma sarang semut pa, gak usah jadi penakut gitu deh, saya
udah kehausan banget nih” ungkap Ardi kesal. “iya mungkin Cuma sarang semut”
kata nopa berharap-harap kalo sesuatu yg dilihatnya itu memang hanya sarang
semut.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dan merekapun akhirnya naik kepohon jambu tersebut.
Karena masih ragu-ragu nopa masih belum memanjat pohon jambu tersebut. Ardi
melihat nopa masih dibawah dan ia kesal “pa cepat ih naik, nanti kalo kamu
kehausan jangan salahkan saya yaa!”. “iya-iya saya naik” nopa pun memberanikan
diri untuk memanjat pohon jambu tersebut, karena ia memang sangat kehausan
setelah bermain bola tadi. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Setelah sampai diatas pohon jambu, mereka ber-empat
langsung memetik jambu dan memakannya dengan sangat lahap.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ardi yg sangat banyak memakan jambu, namun ia yg
naik paling rendah memanjat. Karena tidak terlalu bisa memanjat. Udik yg
menguasai pucuk pohon jambu karena ia yg paling tinggi memanjat.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ardi yg sedang asik memakan jambu, memperhatikan
sarang aneh yg dikatakan nopa tadi. Dalam hati ia berkata “oh ini sarang sialan
tadi yg bikin masalah”. “temen-temen, saya injak aja ini sarang yaa?” teriak
Ardi kepada teman-temannya. “JANGAN!!” secara bersamaan teman-teman Ardi
berteriak. Namun tidak dihiriaukan oleh Ardi. Dan ia langsung menginjak sarang
tersebut sampai terjatuh sarangnya. Tidak lama kemudian, banyak lebah
berterbangan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“ihh ko banyak lebah yaah” kata Ardi ketakutan. “itu
sarang lebah goblok!!!” kata Udik, nopa dan tengtong bersamaan. Merekapun
langsung melompat dari pohon dan berlari tanpa menghiraukan apa-apa lagi,
terlambat sudah. Karena lebah-lebah sangat marah. Akhirnya badan mereka
bintul-bintul disengat lebah. “Aduh-aduh sakitnya” Ardi mengeluh. “Kamu sih!
Udah dibilang jangan masih aja gak dengarkan” nova berkata dengan kesalnya. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mereka membuka baju sambil melihat-lihat bagian mana
saja yg disengat lebah. ‘Dik kamu banyak gak disengat?” Tanya Ardi kepada udik.
Karena tidak ada jawaban Ardi melihat-lihat Udik. “lho Udik mana?” Ardi
keheranan. “Pa, Tong. Udik mana?” Tanya Ardi. “gak tau” jawab mereka bersamaan.
“aduh, kemana lagi itu anak. Bisa-bisa dimarah Gejer ini saya” dalam hati Ardi
menggerutu. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sementara mereka kebingungan mencari Udik. Nopa
menceletuk “by the way, sandal kita mana?” “waduuh gawat! Pasti masih
ketinggalan dibawah pohon jambu tuuh” tengtong cemas. “oia yaah, ayo ambil”
ajak Ardi. “gila lu Di, mau antar nyawa kesana?” nova melarang. Lalu Ardi berkata
“tapi gimana dong? Kalo kita pulang tanpa sendal, pasti merah lagi ini telinga
dijewer”. “iyaa pa gimana dong ini” kata tengtong sambil matanya berkaca-kaca.
Mereka bertiga sangat ketakutan, takut untuk kembali mengambil sendal yg
ketinggalan, juga takut untuk pulang karena tidak membawa sendal. ‘Woooy!!!” bak
seorang superman yg tiba-tiba datang untuk menyelamatkan Udik berteriak sambil
membawa 3 pasang sendal milik Ardi, nopa dan tengtong.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“nah itu Udik datang bawa sendal” kata tengtong
dengan sangat gembira. “Abis dari mana aja lu?” Tanya Ardi penasaran. “gak usah
banyak Tanya deh, yg penting gue datang sambil bawa sendal loe-loe semua” Udik
memberi penjelasan. “makasih Dik” nopa berterimakasih.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">“ayo kalo gitu kita pulang” kata Ardi mengajak.
Merekapun akhirnya pulang kerumah masing-masing. Sampai dirumah mereka
semua mendapat jeweran Karena pulang dengan keadaan bintul-bintul.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sejak saat itu Ardi sedikit demi sedikit mulai sadar
akan tingkahnya tersebut. Dan ia sudah mulai berubah. Kini, ia telah beranjak
dewasa, telah duduk dibangku SMA. Ia menjadi
sosok yg sangat mandiri, tegas dan bertanggungjawab. Ia juga sangat
tampan, sehingga banyak cewe-cewe yg
seumuran dengannya menyukai Ardi. Dan ia telah memilih salah satu
diantaranya. Namun tidak akan diceritakan dalam cerita ini, karena suatu alasan
tertentu. Demikian sedikit perjalan hidup seorang anak Bengal yg biasa
dipanggil Memet.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Intinya
kenakalan remaja itu sangat wajar, karena mereka belum tau pasti apa yg mereka
lakukan. Seiring berjalannya waktu mereka akan sadar bagaimana harus menjalani
hidup. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-48504983072731799922014-12-19T16:42:00.004-08:002014-12-19T16:42:43.854-08:00Contoh Cerpen SMA - code 004<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SUDAH SEMBUH<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kejadian ini terjadi
saat saya masih kelas 1 SD. Karena jarak rumah saya yang tidak seberapa jauh
dengan SDN 1 wanamukti, sekolah saya, saya dapat dengan mudah pulang dan pergi
ke rumah. Tidak lama, hanya 3 menit dengan jalan kaki. Untuk berangkat ke
sekolahpun saya hanya berangkat sendiri. saya hanya pernah di antar ibu sekali
yakni saat hari pertama masuk sekolah dan pemilihan bangku<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada saat itu saya
sedang belajar dikelas, karena saya malas untuk sekolah, saya terus mencari
cara untuk pulang kerumah.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Akhirnya cara licik terbesit di pikiran saya. Saya
berpura pura sakit yang tidak tertahankan. “bu, Ardi sakit.”ucap teman sebangku
saya. Kemudian ibu guru pun mendekati saya lalu bertanya saya sakit apa. saya pun
menjawab kalau semua badan saya sakit dari ujung kaki hingga ujung kepala
sambil menunjukkan muka melas yang kesakitan. Akhirnya, karena guru tidak tega
melihat saya, ia pun membolehkan saya pulang. Yes, dalam batin.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">saya segera
berlari-lari sambil melompat-lompat menuju ke rumah. Tibanya di rumah ibu kaget
melihat saya yang sudah pulang ke rumah padahal jam masih menunjukkan pukul
08.00. “Loh, kamu kok sudah pulang?”
Tanya ibu pada saya. “saya males disekolah. Jadi saya cepetan pulang.” Jawab
saya lugu lalu mengambil sebotol air putih kemudian meminumnya. Tapi, ibu saya
langsung marah-marah. Dia menyuruh saya untuk segera kembali ke sekolah. Tentu
saja saya tidak mau. “Kalau saya kembali, apa yang harus saya katakan pada Bu
guru? saya kan sudah berbohong padanya”. Jawab saya terisak karena ibu yang
memukul saya dengan keras tadi. Akhirnya, ibu membujuk.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Akhirnya, dengan
terpaksa saya pun kembali ke sekolah. Dalam perjalanan, saya masih terus
menangis. Air mata saya masih terus mengalir begitu pula ingus yang masih terus
menetes. Kini, tibalah saya di depan pintu kelas. Dari luar terlihat dengan
sangat jelas Bu guru tengah duduk manis di mejanya. saya pun segera menghapus
air mata dan ingus yang masih menggantung di kedua lubang hidung saya.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: .6in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pagi. Ucap saya
nyelonong masuk ke kelas dan langsung duduk di kursi. “Loh, bukannya kamu
sakit” Tanya Bu guru yang bingung melihat saya. saya pun menjawab dengan
spontan “sudah sembuh, bu”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tema :
kebohongan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tokoh : saya, ibu,
ibu guru, teman saya</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Alur :
maju</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Latar : Tempat : rumah, SDN 1 Wanamukti</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">· </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suasana: gembira, sedih, kaget</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">· waktu: pagi hari disekolah</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Amanat : jangan suka berbohong dan berpura-pura</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-88030374867603572322014-12-19T16:41:00.004-08:002014-12-19T16:41:45.593-08:00Contoh Cerpen SMA - Code 003<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">BOCAH NAKAL<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Nama saya Very biasa dipanggil Tentong,
saya punya pengalaman pahit yg tak terlupakan. Beberapa tahun yg lalu saya dan
teman-teman saya sedang main disekolah, sebutlah namanya Gerut, Buong, Abeh, Nova,
Gendut, dan Bungsil. Kami merencanakan sepulang sekolah mau mandi dikali sambil
memandikan sapi, dan kami pun berangkat ke kali sambil membawa sapi kami
berjalan sambil menyanyi-nyanyi untuk mengurangi rasa panas terik matahari, dan
pemandangan dipinggir jalan membuat suasana menjadi ceria dan ditambah angin yg
sepoi-sepoi. Satu jam kemudian, kami pun sampai dan kami melepas pakaian kami
masing-masing dan kami mulai mandi, sambil mandi kami bermain. Ada yg
loncat-loncatan, ada yg main petak umpet, dan ada yg mandikan sapi, dan ada juga
yg sambil buang air besar. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kami sangat senang,
bahagia, gembira, semua beban fikiran dirumah dan disekolah kami lupakan. Dan
beberapa jam kemudian kami merasa kedinginan dan kamipun bergegas pulang dan
tidak lupa memakai pakaian kami. Sambil pulang tak habis-habisnya dan tak
bosan-bosannya kami bernyanyi dan saling ejek satu sama lain, sesampai dirumah
kami pun makan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> Sehabis makan kami berkumpul dirumah salah
satu teman saya yg bernama Buong, disitu kami main petak umpet sambil menunggu
matahari terbenam. Saking semangatnya saya sampai menukar baju biar tidak
ketahuan, kami pun terus main petak umpet, beberapa saat kemudian teman saya yg
bernama Nova berteriak dan ketakutan, saya pun penasaran dan saya pun bertanya
“nova kamu kenapa ketakutan seperti itu?” dia menjawab “saya seperti melihat
pocong waktu saya ngumpet”. Suasana pun berubah menjadi seram semuanya
ketakutan dan kami sepakat untuk pulang, haripun sudah mulai gelap.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keesokan hari seperti
biasa, sepulang sekolah kami bergegas ke kali untuk mandi tak sengaja dalam
perjalanan kami melihat pohon jagung dan buahnya yg sangat menggoda, tapi kami
tidak tergoda untuk memetiknya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sesampainya dikali kami
mandi dan main air, terasa sudah cukup lama kami pulang dan secara sengaja kami
melihat pohon jagung dan buahnya. Setan pun datang menghasut kami, kecuali
Bungsil mungkin lantaran manusia bimbingan tuhan jadi ia tidak tergoda dan
memilih pulang. Tidak perlu basa-basi kamipun mencari akal agar bisa mencicipi
jagung tersebut. Sedangkan kami tidak membawa macis. Gerut pun punya ide dia
berlari kerumah seseorang berpura-pura
meminta air padahal ia mau mencuri macis. Dengan wajahnya yg lugu tuan rumah
pun percaya dan memperbolehkan ia meminta air. Sehabis itu dia berhasil
mendapat macis incarannya. Kamipun kembali ke kebun jagung, dalam perjalanan
tanpa sengaja kami melihat mentimun yg menggoda. Kamipun memintanya tanpa
sepengetahuan si pemilik.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sudah terasa kenyang
kami melanjutkan perjalanan kami sambil
memakan mentimun. Sesampainya dikebun jagung kami memilah dan memilih buah
jagung yg akan dipetik. Tidak banyak kami memetik, kami mengupasnya sambil
menyalahkan api, beberapa menit kemudian kami panggang jagung itu, setelah
matang kami cicipi walaupun jagungnya tercampur abu pembakaran, setelah jagung
bakar habis, kami pulang dan kami
kekenyangan sesampainya dirumah haripun sudah malam.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keesokan harinya lagi
kami berkumpul dan merencanakan mencuri jagung lagi. Kami ketagihan karena
rasanya yg legit dan nikmat kamipun bergegas, selama lima hari kami ulangi perbuatan
itu. Dihari kelima itu kami Cuma ber-empat Cuma dengan Gerut, Buong, Gendut,
tidak ketinggalan saya juga ikut, dengan semangat kami berangkat sesampainya
dikebun kami memilah dan memilih buah jagung untuk dibakar. Terasa buah
jagungnya orang semakin sedikit kami mengambil tidak terlalu banyak Cuma lima
buah saja. Sambil menunggu jagung matang kamipun sambil bercerita, tak lama
pemilik kebun pun datang, dia bilang “hayoo satu, dua, tiga , empat lapor
polisi”. Kamipun kaget dan tidak bisa berkutik, saya dengan Gendut pasrah
dengan keadaan tapi tidak bagi Gerut dan Buong jatuh dan sembunyi di balik
pematang sawah.<br />
nasib saya dengan Gendut pun berlanjut kami di ceramahi sampai-sampai telinga
kami keriting, tak lama pemilik kebun bilang mau melaporkan kmi ke kantor polisi,
tapi saya sedikit aman karna saya masih kelas 5 SD tapi bagi Gendut,
Buong, dan Gerut terancam dilaporkan.
Tiba-tiba Buong pun muncul dia bilang “ampun-ampun” saya dan Gendut pun kaget
sambil tertawa dalam diri, sehabis itu pemilik kebun member kebijaksanaan buat
kami dengan membayar jagung yg kami petik dengan harga Rp.5.000/buah. Kamipun
bingung karena terlalu banyaknya kulit jagung berserakan. Kami langsung puny
aide mumpung Gerut sudah kabur jauh kami tuduh dia yg paling banyak memakan
jagung, kami bertiga cuma mengaku baru sekali mencuri jagung parahnya lagi kami
Cuma mengaku mengambil 3 buah jagung jadi kami dituntut membayar sebanyak
Rp.15.000. dan kami tuduh Gerut mengambil sebanyak 8 buah jagung jadi dia denda
Rp.32.000. lucunya lagi setelah semua terasa deal, pemilik jagung ikut memakan
jagung hasil curian kami dan di bilang enak, hahaha.....<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sehabis itu pemilik
jagung pulang, kami bertiga hanya bisa menyesal, takut dan sambil tertawa
karena mendengar ceramah pemilik jagung yg ada terselip kata-kata dan ekspresi
lucu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sehabis itu kami
bertiga pulang dan kami mencari Gerut yg entah kemana beberapa lama dia muncul
sendirinya di area persawahan jauh dari TKP, dia pun datang dan dia Tanya
tentang kejadian yg kita alami.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-72362466704289785802014-12-19T16:40:00.004-08:002014-12-19T16:40:46.737-08:00Contoh Cerpen SMA - code 002<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">HARI YANG MEMBOSANKAN<br />
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">karya:<i> </i>YUDISTIRA<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kringg....
kring.........<br />
aiiiisssh..... heeeey, ayolah, kurasa ini bukan saat yg tepat untuk handphone
yang telah ku
pasang alarm berbunyi. Sekarang
benda itu masih sanggup bernyanyi dengan rasa tak berdosa, melengkungkan suara
aneh itu. Aku benar-benar berharap agar hari jumat itu berubah menjadi hari
minggu yg mengasikan, lalu aku tetap dapat menggulung diri dalam selimut dan
kembali terbang kealam mimpi.<br />
huuuuaaah.... tetap itu sekarang hanya angan, karna percuma saja aku
mengabaikan alarm itu. Karena bila tidak bangun segera, alarm lain akan segera
bernyanyi.<br />
yaaa....... suara bunda ku akan menjadi pengganti alarm itu nantinya, jadi
lebih baik aku tidak bangun agar aku dapat mendengar suara alarm itu, tak lama
kemudian terdengar suara bangun...... sudah siang.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ketika aku terjaga dari
tidurku, aku melihat jam dinding di ruang tamu, eehh...eh ternyata sudah menu
jukan pukul 08.00 wita. Haaduuuh haduuh, tanpa memperdulikan alur cerita dalam
mimpi indahku, langsung aku bergegas bangun dan tidak sempat merapikan tempat
tidurku. Dan agak terkejut juga karena aku masih bisa berdiri tegak dari tempat
tidurku. <br />
padahal otakku sudah berteriak minta tidak bangun, namun badanku justru
menentangnya, dan kini aku benar-benar bangun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Selesai mandi dan
memakai seragam lengkap, bunda ku menyuruhku untuk sarapan terlebih dahulu,
tapi aku ngotot gak sarapan karna sudah
mau cepat-cepat berangkat sekolah, karna sudah telat. Akhirnya bunda ku
menyuruhku untuk minum susu dan makan roti sedikit.<br />
Kebetulan aku berangkat sekolah dengan menggunakan sepeda motor. Lalu, tidak
lupa aku berpamitan kepada kedua orangtuaku. <br />
“pak, bu aku berangkat sekolah dulu”. “yaa...” sahut ayahku dan bunda secara
serempak.<br />
“hati-hati dijalan yaa” seru ayahku “iya..” jawabku.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pukul 08.30 pagi, aku
dengan bergegas-gegas, maklum takut terlambat. Coba apa akibatnya datang
kesekolah terlambat? Sudah terlambat, nanti gak diizinkan masuk ke sekolah.
Karna gerbang sudah ditutup, atau bisa-bisa malah diceramahi guru. Ngerii deh.<br />
perasaan itu terus-menerus terpikirkan dalam pikiranku, sewaktu diperjalanan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Jarak antara sekolah
dengan rumahku kira-kira 2 km. Bisa dibilang sangat sangatlah jauh, kalau
jalannya sambil ngesot hehehe....<br />
ditengah perjalanan, sepeda motor yg aku kendarai terasa tidak nyaman, jalannya
kaya oleng kanan oleng kiri jadi kaya belok-belok gitu. Ketika aku cek, aku
tidak tau letak kerusakan sepeda motorku itu. Akupun malah jadi bingung. Harus
gimana ni ya Tuhan? <br />
ooo....setelah aku periksa kembali, ehh ternyata ban motorku kempes alias
bocor. Tanpa pikir panjang, aku langsung searching deh, hehe sok inggris
yak..... ya mencari tambal ban motor yg terletak disepanjang jalan. Tapi tetap
saja aku kendarai motorku dengan sangat pelan dan hati-hati, takutnya nanti aku
malah jatuh? Yaa... nyium aspal gitu lah... atau nanti malah nabrak orang. Duuh
haduh bukannya berangkat sekolah malah berangkat kerumah sakit ntar akunya...
repot plus rempong ciin...<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Akhirnya sampai juga
ditempat tambal ban yg letaknya tidak
jauh dari sekolahku. Tapi disitu ada kakek-kakek yg sedang nongkrong
duduk asik disitu. Aku kira beliau pemilik bengkel tambal ban itu, tapi setelah
kutanya “mbah, tolong ini ban motor saya bocor”<br />
“eh, maaf bukan aku yg punya bengkel ini dek” jawabnya. Ohh mungkin beliau
bapaknya pemilik bengkel tambal ban itu atau keluarganya pikirku.<br />
“lalu pemiliknya mana mbah?” Tanya ku kembali.<br />
namun, alangkah emejingnya!!! Betapa menakjubkan dengan santai orang yg punya
bengkel tersebut masih ngorok alias tidur.<br />
aiiisssh.... oeee bussyyeet dahh<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Akhirnya si embah itu
masuk kedalam. Dan beberapa saat kemudian muncul keluar lelaki berbadan gemuk
dengan rambut cukup lebat dijanggutnya dengan tampak seperti orang yg baru
bangun dari tidurnya yg nyenyak. Sambil berjalan lambat ia menghampiriku.<br />
“kenapa? Bocor de” “ia pak ini saya
titipkan dulu disini untuk diperbaiki. Soalnya saya harus cepat-cepat
kesekolah, karna sudah hampir jam 9, nanti sepulang sekolah saya ambil”.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Segera aku bergegas
menuju sekolah, akhirnya dengan jarak yg cukup dekat dari tambal ban itu
kesekolah. Ya mungkin sekitar 300 meter, cukup dengan berjalan kaki saja pasti
sudah sampai kok sebelum jam 9.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sepulang sekolah,
akupun kembali ke bengkel untuk mengambil motorku. Tapi alangkah sialnya,
ternyata kata bapak milik bengkel tambal ban itu, ban dalam motorku yg
dibelakang ternyata sobek. Kepalaku pun kembali pusing memikirkan itu. Aku
harus bagaimana? <br />
Hp saja aku lupa bawa, jadinya ya gak bisa menginformasikan keluarga atau siapa
gitu yg bisa dimintai bantuan untuk mengurus ini.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Akhirnya aku memutuskan
untuk meninggalkan motorku disitu dan akan kuambil nanti setelah ganti baju dan
makan.<br />
pulangnya terpaksa aku harus nebeng deh dengan temanku yg juga bawa motor dan
rumahnya juga sangat dekat dengan rumahku.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sialnya lagi,
sesampainya dirumah. Aku dimarahi oleh bundaku, karna kejadian sepele tadi pagi
sebelum berangkat sekolah, ya aku tau, aku lupa merapikantempat tidurku. Namun,
setelah itu aku langsung menceritakan kejadian tadi pagi pada saat perjalanan ke
sekolah kepada ayah dan bunda. Lalu ayahku menyuruhku nanti mengambilnya sama
om ku saja.<br />
selesai makan aku langsung ke bengkel tempatku memperbaiki motorku. Setelah itu
baru aku kerumah om ku.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sungguh... hari yg
menyebalkan ya....<br />
memang sungguh sial benar nasibku hari itu sangat apes banget...</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-70444693717863986112014-12-19T16:39:00.002-08:002014-12-19T16:39:47.749-08:00Contoh Cerpen SMA <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">CINTA SUKA-SUKA<br />
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">karya: I MADE NOVA<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai gambaran,
namaku I MADE NOVA. Tubuhku proporsional jika berat badanku bisa ditambah 8 kg
lagi. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan model rambut alakadarnya, aku begitu tampan jika dilihat dari ujung
sedotan. Tahu pesepakbola tersohor Cristiano Ronaldo? Ya, aku lebih tampan dari
Didier Drogba. (hey tunggu dulu, apa hubungannya dengan Cristiano Ronaldo?)
tenang berada!! </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aku tidak akan
membandingkan ketampanannya denganku, karena aku cukup sadar diri kok. Nah kali
ini aku akan menceritakan tentang pengalaman cinta pertamaku.</span></div>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Waktu itu, aku duduk
dibangku kelas 6 SD. Banyak cewe-cewe bilang aku mirip actor Vino G. Bastian,
tapi giginya saja. Hahaha dasar!! Saat itu aku mulai bisa merasakan adanya
getaran cinta dalam dadaku. Misalnya saat aku mulai suka dengan seorang cewe yg
sekelas denganku. Sebut saja namanya Rina (nama samaran). Cewe yg begitu
cantik, manis, seksi dan putih. Bahkan jauh lebih putih dari seekor sapi. Sudah
sangat lama aku mengamati gerak-geriknya. Mulai dari makanan yg disukainya
sampai bedak yg dipakainya, serta kapan jadwal ngupilnya tidak luput dari
kedektifanku.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Rina sangat menyukai pelajaran
matematika.
Saat ku tanya apa cita-citanya, dia menjawab : “aku ingin menjadi
novelis”, “lalu apa hubungannya dengan matematika?”, “ada”, “apa?” “ada apa
tanya-tanya, ada masalah?”. Jawaban dia sangat frontal. Setidaknya anda sudah
bisa membayangkan bagaimana sifatnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Perasaanku semakin
menjadi-jadi padanya, sama seperti kepompong yg menjadi seekor kupu-kupu. Saat
pulang sekolah, aku mencoba mengajaknya balik bareng meski saat itu rumahku
jauh lebih dekat dengan sekolahan daripada rumahnya. Saat itu juga dia pulang
naik sepeda, sedangkan aku jalan kaki. Dan kebetulan juga, kalau dia pulang
sekolah lewatnya depan rumahku. (Ha, berarti aku nebeng dong?, bisa anda
fikirkan sendiri. Dia pun tidak menolaknya. Saat itu aku merasa senang sekali.
Ada rasa bahagia bisa pulang bareng dia, sekaligus pulang gak harus jalan kaki.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Namun, saat aku mulai
mencintainya, ternyata ada cowo lain yg juga naksir padanya. (sialan loe,
ikut-ikutan aja).
Saat itulah kami terlibat “cinta segitiga”. Kami berlomba-lomba untuk
mendapatkan Rina. Bahkan kami sampai taruhan untuk mendapatkannya, yaitu dengan
balapan motor. Ini balapan yg sangat unik, bahkan hanya ada satu di Asia
Tenggara. Saat
itu aku berhasil memimpin start hingga jauh.
Dia tidak
bisa mengejarku yg sudah jauh didepannya. Namun, saat aku hampir mencapai garis
finish, tiba-tiba jam main playstation kami sudah habis. Bahkan sampai diadakan
rapat, akhirnya juri (penjaga ps) memutuskan aku yg menang. Karena saat itu aku
yg memimpin balapan. Sesuai kesepakatan yg berlaku, maka dia harus mundur dari
persaingan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Suatu hari aku
memberanikan diri untuk menembaknya.
Eiiits, bukan berarti aku membunuhnya. Rasanya seperti berdiri ditengah
rel dan datang sebuah kereta yg sangat cepat memberi salam padaku. Takut dan
gugup, dengan modal ketampananku, aku memberanikan diri mendekatinya. “hey,
lagi ngapain?” kataku sambil gugup, “kamu gak bisa lihat, ya?”. “nggak...” “oh
pantesan”. “eh, maksudku nggak begitu”. “lalu?”. Dengan sedikit gugup, kaki
bergetar hebat, dan tubuh menggigil, akhirnya aku memberanikan diri berkata.
“aku mau bilang, kalau aku ... suka sama kamu”. “kamu yakin?” Tanya balik
dia. “aku yakin, kamu adalah wanita terbaik yg pernah aku temui”. Nampaknya dia
tidak marah saat aku ngomong begitu. Bahkan wajahnya yg judes banget itu, seakan
manis melebihi manisnya madu tawon asli.
Dengan sangat lembut, dia
menjawab pertanyaanku. “sebenarnya, aku juga kan suka sama kamu. Aku mau jadi
pacar kamu. Tapi sesaat saja ya?”. “maksud kamu?” tanyaku semakin bingung.
“sesaat saat tuhan mempertemukan kita dalam pelaminan dan aku tidak lagi menjadi
pacarmu, melainkan akan menjadi istrimu yg akan menemanimu selamanya”. “ciee, manis
banget, kayak orangnya”.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">.Gak terasa 6 bulan
telah berlalu sekolah gue ngadain acara perpisahan dan sekaligus acara
perpisahan gue dengan si Rina. Loe tau kan sob gimana rasanya berpisah dengan
orang kesayangan? Sakit sob.........<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tapi gue gak berhenti
sampai disitu sob, ibarat kata mati satu tumbuh seribu, hahaha....</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">btw sob hari ini adalah hari paling istimewa di hidup gue. Iya, hari ini gue
mau nembak cewe yg selama ini gue suka. Putri namanya, dia itu cantik, baik,
lugu, polos, pokonya segalanya yg baik deh. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sebenernya sih, gue suka sama dia itu baru, iya pas gue mos di SMP. Pokonya
cinta gue sama dia itu kaya cinta ibu sama kandungannya yg bentar lagi mau
keluar.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tapi sebelum gue nembak
Putri, gue mau minta saran dulu sama sahabat gue. Iya, sahabat dari kecil gue.
Namanya Veri, cowo modus yg kerjaannya gombalin cewe-cewe cakep. Walaupun dia
sendiri gak cakep.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">iya Veri itu adalah tempat gue nanya segalanya, termasuk nanya gimana caranya
ngempesin ban motor orang disekolah. (jangan ditiru, ini criminal).</span></div>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“ver? Gue mau nembak si
Putri nih” kata gue.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“oh” kata Veri dengn santainya.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“ko oh doang?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">‘ya terus gue mesti ngapain? Gue harus bilang wow gitu? Lu udah 5 kali pengen
nembak dia. Tapi,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">nggak pernah
kesampaian sampai sekarang” jelas Veri.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">‘ya tapi kali ini beda
ver, gue serius. Pokonya apapun yg terjadi gue mesti nembak dia.”</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“ya udah, sekarang lu pengen gue ngelakuin apa?” Tanya Veri.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“bisa tolong cariin mawar sama boneka gak?” Tanya gue.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“ah, kuno lo. Masih aja pake mawar, sekarang mah cewe sukanya barang mahal,
kaya ipad gitu”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“si Putri itu beda Ver, udah ah. Lu mau ngebantuin gue gak sih?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“iya-iya, berani bayar berapa lo?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“bangke lu bro, ama sahabat sendiri minta bayaran”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“sahabat itu gak ada dalam bisnis bro”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“yaelah, yaudah gampang”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">setelah bernegosiasi cukup lama sama Veri, akhirnya dia mau ngebantuin gue.
Dengan syarat, gue harus minjemin gitar gue selama 2 minggu ke dia, kampret.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jam 15.47 gue siap buat
nembak si Putri. “pokonya apapun yg terjadi, gue harus bisa ngomong kalo gue
suka sama dia” kata gue dalam hati.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">akhirnya Putri datang, dia pakai semacam dress gitu, dengan pita dikepalanya.
Dan saat dia ngeliat gue, gue sangat terkesima.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“maaf, udah lama nunggu ya?” Tanya putri.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“nggak ko nggak lama, gue nunggu disini baru 2 jam”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“oh gitu ya, maaf deh”. Kata putrid sambil senyum-senyum. Waktu gue ngeliat
senyuman itu, hati gue berdebar-debar. Anjrit, gue grogi. Gue gak tau mesti
ngapain. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">‘oh iya, gue ingat saran Veri, (pertama, lo kasi boneka yg udah gue beli) kata
Veri, dalam ingatan gue.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“oh iya, aku punya
hadiah buat kamu”. Sambil kasi boneka sama dia.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“aaaaah, apa itu?” kata Putri, kayanya sih kaget.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“ini boneka, boneka elmo”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“aku paling takut sama elmo,cepat buang”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“hah iya, iya iya aku buang” (sialan si Veri, kenapa coba dia harus beli boneka
elmo).</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akhirnya boneka itu gue
buang, dan gue langsung minta maaf sama Putri. Setelah itu, gue duduk. Mulut
kami berdua seakan membisu, nggak ada yg mau bicara. Gue ngerasa nggak enak
dong, yaudah gue ajak ngomong duluan.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“emm, Put?” kata gue memecah keheningan.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“yaah?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“kamu kok diem aja? Kamu masih marah ya sama boneka tadi?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“nggak ko, aku nggak marah. Aku Cuma bingung aja mau ngomong apa” jelas Putri.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">‘hhmmm, aku pengen ngomong sesuatu boleh gak?” “boleh lah kamu mau ngomong
apa?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“emm, akuu...aku..sebenernya aku...” gue gagap gak tau mesti apa, mampus gue.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">gue coba cari mawar yg dikasih Veri. Tapi mana? Ah sial”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“emm, kamu pengen ngomong apa Nov? Kok grogi gitu?”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“emm, itu, aku harus ketoilet, maaf aku sudah kebelet.” Kata gue, sambil lari.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“sial-sial, ini sudah ke 6 kalinya gue gak jadi nembak dia, bangke banget
emang” kata gue dalam hati.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gue masih termenung di
dalam toilet, gue galau. Gue gak tau harus ngapain. Prasaan gue campur aduk
saat itu. Akhirnya gue putusin, buat balik lagi ketempat itu, ngomong kalau gue
suka sama dia. Dan ketika gue sampai ke tempat tadi. Tapi Putri gak ada, gue
ngeliat hp gue ternyata ada SMS, iya SMS itu dari Putri, dan tulisannya.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">‘Nov, maaf ya aku pulang duluan. Aku disuruh pulang sama mamah, abisnya udah
sore. Sekali lagi maaf”.</span></div>
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yaaaah, kampret.
Sial, gue belum ngomong dan dia udah pulang kerumah.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">akhirnya gue pulang ke rumah. Kepala gue berat, ok fix. Gue GALAU.</span></div>
</span></span>Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-67512648186651021712014-12-19T16:26:00.000-08:002014-12-19T16:26:03.260-08:00Laptop Gahar, Futuristik, dan Unik <div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Laptop atau komputer tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kehidupan manusia. Benda-benda elektronik ini memang sangat diperlukan dalam berbagai kegiatan. Bagi para penggila game, laptop yang gahar adalah hal yang sangat disukai. Semakin tinggi speknya, semakin mantap kualitas gambar dan audionya.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Model Unik</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Berikut ini beberapa model laptop yang bervariasi, unik dan futuristik. :d</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8_cuGzcDvwNvhm7DNfJ4zhN-wIgyWaJjVfckeCS4TtewETUHGe7wnaQF5KB7tTI372rceedphYyy73GgKQSB12c4v0EqRhqsHgaJmlVzduNKJOqVEARCi06GTkEtk1YCoy9v-xJI36PM/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8_cuGzcDvwNvhm7DNfJ4zhN-wIgyWaJjVfckeCS4TtewETUHGe7wnaQF5KB7tTI372rceedphYyy73GgKQSB12c4v0EqRhqsHgaJmlVzduNKJOqVEARCi06GTkEtk1YCoy9v-xJI36PM/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(2).jpg" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Alienware memang terkenal di kalangan para gamer</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHHnGljjIWSJaXJOgmoonlWt_RUU-qAhvhfwJLoCAQVMyXxeJjwZG9MGi9N3z_qWk2rdIWv9qSG3oi3kZuOd8YlmvLAtfETnejea7ygFjrhc30pEawQFVWrICzNfquLP2UZO8zdJf4D4/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(1).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHHnGljjIWSJaXJOgmoonlWt_RUU-qAhvhfwJLoCAQVMyXxeJjwZG9MGi9N3z_qWk2rdIWv9qSG3oi3kZuOd8YlmvLAtfETnejea7ygFjrhc30pEawQFVWrICzNfquLP2UZO8zdJf4D4/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(1).png" height="512" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Variasi Alienware</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdJDkiPdrbmfvT3hsxPu85sZhJIbRGRcuCacFtOnuQCVRlAIzaaCphI9Mywp11S6mgLOytAc79AX0GR54RVTMhZl_gBTH5aaZQIWwSzOIzTMIlXD_VpK3p8n8RW-JaouKD1_n1WM5paDw/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdJDkiPdrbmfvT3hsxPu85sZhJIbRGRcuCacFtOnuQCVRlAIzaaCphI9Mywp11S6mgLOytAc79AX0GR54RVTMhZl_gBTH5aaZQIWwSzOIzTMIlXD_VpK3p8n8RW-JaouKD1_n1WM5paDw/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(1).jpg" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Custom cover pada laptop Apple</span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5HsHt43BtT1G54XSspH8SWin5xXbjSXIcZgNLLJflEizsSa9fGjLDDhY5JXVPRihksUSCP9ndQz93fFa5lRQ7QbK2zguley3ZTHcvusZeWJCmzGGMDo5NsVossGZfe-trsAkFMQXoRJc/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5HsHt43BtT1G54XSspH8SWin5xXbjSXIcZgNLLJflEizsSa9fGjLDDhY5JXVPRihksUSCP9ndQz93fFa5lRQ7QbK2zguley3ZTHcvusZeWJCmzGGMDo5NsVossGZfe-trsAkFMQXoRJc/s1600/laptop+gahar+unik+futuristik+(3).jpg" height="452" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Layar tembus pandang yang sangat futuristik.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Tentunya, ketersediaan spek semacam processor, RAM, VGA - Video Card, Hard Disk, Sound Card dan lain-lain juga berpengaruh pada pandangan user terhadap laptop. Laptopmu yang mana? :D</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-47807106170413267432014-12-19T16:12:00.002-08:002014-12-19T16:12:27.059-08:00Efek Google Picasa yang Menakjubkan<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Google Picasa adalah software yang dikembangkan oleh Google Team dan sudah sangat populer dikalangan penggila aplikasi photo viewer, editing dan sebagainya. Aplikasi ini secara default merupakan image viewer alias pengganti preview gambar dalam program Windows. Namun tampaknya banyak yang belum menyadari fitur tambahan lainnya yang begitu menarik. Seperti halnya fitur edit gambar yang tidak kalah dengan instagram berupa efek-efek menakjubkan yang bisa dibuat dengan Google Picasa ini.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc4LsDz1pdbP_5uZ2n7AiyURL44767zU4DQ-n32S8RswkHBfZIb6m0QE8aa1A7PSyxoiG2Jbynt5CdDfVFGi3PPAJxXGXTrbbAvQpZ4o6-r7PZ0Q4Z7llFNBhRnSLwTGRChji5IFzCr8Y/s1600/Captuwqre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc4LsDz1pdbP_5uZ2n7AiyURL44767zU4DQ-n32S8RswkHBfZIb6m0QE8aa1A7PSyxoiG2Jbynt5CdDfVFGi3PPAJxXGXTrbbAvQpZ4o6-r7PZ0Q4Z7llFNBhRnSLwTGRChji5IFzCr8Y/s1600/Captuwqre.JPG" height="368" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sistem Offline</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keunggulan dari Picasa ini adalah adanya sistem offline yang membantu user dengan tidak perlu repot-repot mesti online menggunakan modem demi menghemat biaya. Kita bisa mengedit foto secara offline tanpa internet. Keuntungan bukan?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Mudah</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kemudahan yang diberikan begitu terasa dengan hanya memilih efek-efek pada aplikasi. Tidak seperti Adobe Photoshop yang mesti dioperasikan oleh orang yang cukup kompeten di bidang olah foto. Cukup dengan klik sana - klik sini, sudah bisa menghasilkan gambar yang begitu menawan.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Gratis</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Produk Google memang nggak ada matinya. Selain berguna, Picasa ini juga bisa didapatkan dengan gratis. Cukup search "Download Google Picasa" anda sudah ditujukan pada halaman download gratisnya. instal dan rasakan fitur-fitur cantiknya.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Preview</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Berikut contoh gambar yang saya edit sendiri menggunakan Picasa.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-aSB2PC2gXjGC73poXvHIAmt_OuCTgWATHGsyCFoNiR2ksBxI_Sf7nCdHODXQzB1dTmZpQafjrGqYZtAwAtpwdURNjwblQqOgligBI0OI7ta8yiowo5OMG7V7TIrEWyPdBar3VEbdEiw/s1600/DSC00045.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-aSB2PC2gXjGC73poXvHIAmt_OuCTgWATHGsyCFoNiR2ksBxI_Sf7nCdHODXQzB1dTmZpQafjrGqYZtAwAtpwdURNjwblQqOgligBI0OI7ta8yiowo5OMG7V7TIrEWyPdBar3VEbdEiw/s1600/DSC00045.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Foto asli yang diambil dengan kamera digital</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lKmKvIGcjRlyzETDMddPq_pMf8DUvjwt0eVziGxvIDO0JMPA7LKtTZmePLx4GN6r7FJVAOE8ID_RkD_pTJMrlu2eZlNP7ENGEnfxpBMSUDx2nlVbWUl9SG8MHoszZbk_wmzjmKkkYi0/s1600/DSC00045-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lKmKvIGcjRlyzETDMddPq_pMf8DUvjwt0eVziGxvIDO0JMPA7LKtTZmePLx4GN6r7FJVAOE8ID_RkD_pTJMrlu2eZlNP7ENGEnfxpBMSUDx2nlVbWUl9SG8MHoszZbk_wmzjmKkkYi0/s1600/DSC00045-001.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Foto hasil editan, dengan beragam efek ditambahkan.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sangat mudah untuk dibuat, ayo segera download :D </span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-44775087430871066792014-06-08T10:03:00.001-07:002014-06-08T10:08:18.789-07:00Cara Membuat BIBLIOGRAPHY Bahasa Inggris - Skripsi<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Cara Membuat BIBLIOGRAPHY Bahasa Inggris - Skripsi</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 32px;">[Contoh Skripsi Bahasa Inggris? <a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/02/contoh-skripsi-sastra-inggris-sastra.html" target="_blank">DISINI</a>]</span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BIBLIOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catford,
J.C. 1965. <i>A Linguistic Theory of
Translation</i>. London: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Erhans
A. 2007. <i>Penguasaan Tata Bahasa – Bahasa
Inggris: English Grammar</i>. Surabaya: Penerbit Indah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hornby,
A. S. 1995. <i>Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary</i>.
New York: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Larson,
Mildred. L. 1984. <i>Meaning-Based
Translation</i>. New York: University Press of America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Margono.
1999. <i>Essentials of Theory and Practice
of Translation</i>. Denpasar: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Polini,
Christopher. 2011. <i>Inheritance</i>. New
York: Laurel-Leaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Paolini,
Christopher. 2012. <i>Inheritance – Warisan</i>.
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Quirk,
Randolph and Greenbaum, S. 1973. <i>A
University Grammar of English</i>. London: Longman Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sneddon,
James Neil. 1996. Indonesian Reference Grammar. St. Leonards: Allen & Unwin<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">KEYWORDS</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- <a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Cara membuat bibliography bahasa inggris</a></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- <a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Cara membuat daftar pustaka skripsi bahasa inggris</a></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -34.9pt;"><a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Cara membuat bibliography daftar pustaka skripsi bahasa inggris</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -34.9pt;">- </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -34.9pt;"><a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Cara membuat skripsi bahasa inggris</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -34.9pt;">- <a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Bibliography skripsi bahasa inggris</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">- <a href="http://writerfield.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-membuat-bibliography-bahasa.html" target="_blank">Contoh Bibliography skripsi bahasa inggris</a></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-77967675038598979352014-06-08T09:52:00.000-07:002014-06-08T09:59:01.203-07:00KONTRUKSI BUTIR TES KURIKULUM 2013 - Jenis Komplek dan Uraian Terbatas - Bahasa Inggris SMA<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>[DOWNLOAD FILE WORD-NYA = <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxF-zaSkpmncWXBVRVNlcUo2UVk/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">download</a>]</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Cara download? <a href="http://arispark20.blogspot.com/2014/06/cara-download-menggunakan-google-drive.html" target="_blank">DISINI</a></b></span><br />
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></i></b>
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KONTRUKSI BUTIR
TES KURIKULUM 2013 </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>Nama : I Wayan Sulasta<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NPM : 4037/AM.IV/13<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Satuan Pendidikan : SMA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mata pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris/Simple
Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas/Semester : X/1(Ganjil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetens iInti 3 (KI3) : Memahami Bahasa Inggris (Simple Present
Tense) untuk kelas X <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.1 :
Memahami Pemakaian kata kerja bantu dalam Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.2 :
Memahami Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat Statement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.3 :
MemahamiPemakaian Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat Negative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.4 :MemahamiPenggunaan Simple Present Tense
dalam kalimat introgative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.5 :Memahami
pemakaian Simple Present Tense dalam paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI3.6 :Memahami
pengggunaan kata kerja bantu yang tepat dan mampu membuat kalimat yang tepat dalam
Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetens iInti 4 (KI4) : Menerapkan Bahasa Inggris (Simple Present
Tense) untuk kelas X<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.1 :
Menerapkan Pemakaian kata kerja bantu dalam Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.2 :
Menerapkan Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat Statement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.3 :
Menerapkan Pemakaian Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat Negative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.4 :Menerapkan
Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat introgative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.5 :Menerapkan
pemakaian Simple Present Tense dalam paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KI4.6 :Menerapkan
pengggunaan kata kerja bantu yang tepat dan mampu membuat kalimat yang tepat dalam
Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompetensi Dasar (KDK10) : Memahami dan Menerapkan Simple Present Tense
dalam kata kerja bantu dan kalimat dalam kehidupan sehari – hari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator : Merespon pemakaian dan Menerapkan
Simple Present Tense dalam kata kerja
bantu dan kalimat)</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
Butir Tes</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis
Komplek dan Uraian Terbatas</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(KI3.2
: Memahami Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam kalimat Statement)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Indikator : Merespon pemakaian dan
Menerapkan Simple Present Tense dalam kata kerja bantu dan kalimat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(KDK10 : Memahami dan Menerapkan Simple
Present Tense dalam kata kerja bantu dan kalimat dalam kehidupan sehari – hari)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis Komplek</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(KDKS
1 : Memahami Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam Kata Kerja Bantu dan
Kalimat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Instructions
: <span class="hps">choose a,b,c,d, or e to correct answer the sentence below</span></span><span lang="EN-US">!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ` 1. Choose a, b, c, d, or e for question
number 1 and 2, below!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> a)
Bila stem benar, option benar ada hubungan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b)
Bila stem benar, option salah ada hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> c)
Bila stem salah, option salah tidak ada hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> d)
Bila stem salah, option benar tidak ada hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> e)
Bila stem benar, option salah tidak ada hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i> Question<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“She
plays tennis every week”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The sentence above
using Simple Present Tense form He/She/It + Invinitive + -s/es.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Does
he read his book every day?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The sentence above
belongs to Simple Past Tense.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>Answered<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Uraian Terbatas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(KDKS 1 = Memahami penggunaan
Simple Present Tense dalam kata kerja bantu dan kalimat)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(Instructions
= </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Describe
the following questions)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Question</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mentions Adverb of time using Simple
Present Tense!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Answered<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Always <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Never<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Regularly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Often<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Occasionally<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seldom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Steadily<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Usually<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sometimes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Generally<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Normally<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Frequently<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Everyday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On
Sunday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Now
Days<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-73819633027989131402014-04-26T08:45:00.001-07:002014-04-26T08:45:14.162-07:00Contoh Cara Membuat Soal Bahasa Inggris - FKIP AKTA IV<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Contoh Cara Membuat Soal Bahasa Inggris - FKIP AKTA IV</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Contoh Cara Membuat Soal Bahasa Inggris - FKIP AKTA IV</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> NAMA : ARIS DARMAPATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> BS : BAHASA INGGRIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> NPM : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Identitas
Mata Pelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata
Pelajaran : Bahasa
Inggris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas : IX<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Semester : Ganjil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Standar
Kompetensi : Mengungkapkan
makna dan ekspresi dalam berinteraksi
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kompetensi
dasar : Mampu
menggunakan simple present tense dengan baik dan benar, secara nominal maupun
verbal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Indikator : 1.
Menyebutkan bentuk-bentuk Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
2. Menyebutkan time marker Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 2.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
3. Menyebutkan kegunaan dari Simple Present Tense <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5. MateriPembelajaran : Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butir Tes Benar- Salah<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: Determine the truth of the following
statements!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 9.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Statements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 49.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 49.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. “My friend teaches the students” is
a Simple Present sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. Simple Present is used to express
daily activity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 49.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. True - False<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. True - False<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butir Tes Menjodohkan<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: Match the following statements to the
options!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 9.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 22.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Statements<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 22.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Options<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 89.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 89.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 8.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">They
have four children<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 8.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">We
do not like music<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 8.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Do
you play a guitar? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 89.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Interrogative
sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Positive
sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Negative
sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Conditional
sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kurikulum 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata Pelajaran :
Bahasa inggris<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas :
IX<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kompetensi Inti:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KI 3: Memahami pengetahuan tentang penggunaan yang
baik dan benar Simple Present Tense di kehidupan sehari-hari dalam
berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang yang berada di sekitar kita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kompetensi
Dasar Kelas IX<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memahami
jenis-jenis Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memahami
fungsi dari Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memahami
time marker Simple Present Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butir Tes Jawaban Tepat<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: Choose the correct answer (a, b, c, d, or
e) of the following questions!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
correct sentence of Simple present is …<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
car crashed yesterday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They
are going to finish the project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
have done it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">She
teaches fifty students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dewi
didn’t do her job<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kurikulum 2006<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata Pelajaran :
Bahasa inggris<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas :
IX<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butir Tes Melengkapi<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: Fill the blanks with correct ‘to be’!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I
… a student<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They
… not sick<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
… diligent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One
of my friends … short<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It
… a cat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kurikulum 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mata Pelajaran :
Bahasa inggris<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelas :
IX<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KI 3: </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memahami
pengetahuan tentang adverb of frequency dari simple present tense dalam sebuah
kalimat. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butir Tes Jawaban Paling Tepat<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Direction: Find the best answer of the following
questions!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
… meet him. So, we know him very well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sometimes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">never<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">rarely<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">seldom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Contoh Cara Membuat Soal Bahasa Inggris - FKIP AKTA IV</span></span></div>
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Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-13665823794025443622014-03-15T07:28:00.003-07:002014-03-15T07:28:25.323-07:00Bugatti Veyron vs McLaren F1<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Bugatti Veyron vs McLaren F1</h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqGsIF3UKlzsDMjMmHwoyA19BqIQHd_AEMoSC6oq2LHIALr3OVcCN5cjJ4bbzOq8NNlUg-ZG3gQh_oyr0p-W7_91vcjeR1IyknziIw9_oQF-_J7dOp-EtZqbTQVwXzyBgN2hSO63Jarfg/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqGsIF3UKlzsDMjMmHwoyA19BqIQHd_AEMoSC6oq2LHIALr3OVcCN5cjJ4bbzOq8NNlUg-ZG3gQh_oyr0p-W7_91vcjeR1IyknziIw9_oQF-_J7dOp-EtZqbTQVwXzyBgN2hSO63Jarfg/s1600/Capture.JPG" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Bugatti Veyron</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjfYNxzEr8STVyxoW48rYIxnNxu0yC3PYBtAG4FL7nWOoVmwwXhQ2HhCd0WmATWE0lL4TOSStn7Ue23KOCV47w_7lpiYanX4maCdrnbOLLrUHErLogZjXBjPpbFR3h6PEAL1hxeNlyD-k/s1600/Capture2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjfYNxzEr8STVyxoW48rYIxnNxu0yC3PYBtAG4FL7nWOoVmwwXhQ2HhCd0WmATWE0lL4TOSStn7Ue23KOCV47w_7lpiYanX4maCdrnbOLLrUHErLogZjXBjPpbFR3h6PEAL1hxeNlyD-k/s1600/Capture2.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
McLaren F1</div>
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And the result was:</div>
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<object height="360" width="640"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/RXqSedWSu2k?hl=en_US&version=3"></param>
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<embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/RXqSedWSu2k?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object>Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-23722404752379859942014-03-15T07:24:00.000-07:002014-03-15T07:24:08.387-07:00Bugatti Super Sport Speed Test<br />
<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.9em; letter-spacing: -0.03em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Bugatti Super Sport Speed Test - Top Gear - BBC">Bugatti Super Sport Speed Test</span></h1>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSnNQ84-Hj23xNqlFtgzTpXGP7m_FPrgREyxvC6ZslOz3HOsg1ChBhCBcs2g-gE24nifXa04I3Eo2w3x4TaeFhSegmvLAmE4xmXkm0nI6baYtHLVazaSqrCZFI7MydtMbx3YTVKJACVs/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbSnNQ84-Hj23xNqlFtgzTpXGP7m_FPrgREyxvC6ZslOz3HOsg1ChBhCBcs2g-gE24nifXa04I3Eo2w3x4TaeFhSegmvLAmE4xmXkm0nI6baYtHLVazaSqrCZFI7MydtMbx3YTVKJACVs/s1600/Capture.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.9em; letter-spacing: -0.03em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Bugatti Super Sport Speed Test - Top Gear - BBC">And this is the video of Bugatti Veyron Supersport speed test:</span></div>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.9em; letter-spacing: -0.03em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Bugatti Super Sport Speed Test - Top Gear - BBC"><br /></span></div>
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Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-36272673790505862622014-03-15T07:16:00.001-07:002014-03-15T07:19:34.906-07:00Testing Bugatti Veyron<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZJooW2LGXoBGYTiic9o8EystFpCca9L9OYl47NM1_KzOl5c3rWC2HZdmHPxeL-NFovLzWXykwmWH2JxNOBYcaUuBwjFVyRbO6Y8jAWCFa0rRh3yLoIYYodiby025xxvVqEa-_RgLgw4o/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZJooW2LGXoBGYTiic9o8EystFpCca9L9OYl47NM1_KzOl5c3rWC2HZdmHPxeL-NFovLzWXykwmWH2JxNOBYcaUuBwjFVyRbO6Y8jAWCFa0rRh3yLoIYYodiby025xxvVqEa-_RgLgw4o/s1600/Capture.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bugatti Veyron, one of the fastest production car in the world. Who wants to test it?</span><br />
<div id="eow-description" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Captain Slow is given the task of driving the Bugatti at it's top speed - 253 miles per hour. Can the slowest driver in Britain do it? </span></div>
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Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-7516835093276660122014-03-15T07:13:00.000-07:002014-03-15T07:13:31.700-07:00Bugatti Veyron Drag Race - How to Beat Veyron?HOW TO BEAT BUGATTI VEYRON?<br />
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On this special episode of Head 2 Head, Automobile Magazine's Jason Cammisa pits the world's most exclusive super cars against each other in a no-holds-barred drag race battle! Do the carbon fiber-bodied Aventador, LFA, and MP4-12C have what it takes to take on the king of the super car realm - the Bugatti Veyron? </div>
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So which car do you choose?Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-32046370025524533552014-03-15T07:05:00.003-07:002014-03-15T07:05:59.215-07:00Video Clip: Katy Perry - Dark Horse (ft. Juicy J)<br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Katy Perry - Dark Horse (Official) ft. Juicy J">Katy Perry - Dark Horse (</span>ft. Juicy J)</h1>
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Katy Perry is one of the most popular singers today. This song becomes a great world hits.Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-19408045143214998282014-03-15T07:02:00.002-07:002014-03-15T07:02:39.532-07:00Video Clip: Pharrell Williams - Happy<br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Pharrell Williams - Happy (Official Music Video)">Video Clip: Pharrell Williams - Happy</span></h1>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Pharrell Williams - Happy (Official Music Video)">Pharrell Williams - Happy This song is the soundtrack of </span></h1>
<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Pharrell Williams - Happy (Official Music Video)"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Despicable Me 2</span></span></span></h1>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-81860392866643381472014-03-15T06:58:00.002-07:002014-03-15T06:58:25.037-07:00Video clip Idina Menzel - Let It Go (from "Frozen")<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Video clip Idina Menzel - Let It Go (from "Frozen")</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soundtrack film Frozen</span>Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-22698989585581134802014-02-05T08:16:00.002-08:002020-10-16T21:26:34.931-07:00Contoh Skripsi Sastra Inggris - Sastra Inggris Linguistik - Contoh Skripsi Bahasa Inggris<div class="Section1">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ARIS DARMAPATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">09.41.121.046<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">ENGLISH DEPARTMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">FACULTY OF LETTERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">WARMADEWA UNIVERSITY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">DENPASAR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION SHIFTS
FOUND IN NOVEL INHERITANCE <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ARIS DARMAPATI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">09.41.121.046<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">ENGLISH DEPARTMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">FACULTY OF LETTERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">WARMADEWA UNIVERSITY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">DENPASAR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16pt;">2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ADVISOR AGREEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This
paper has been approved to be examined by the Examining Board of English
Department, Faculty of Letters, <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Warmadewa
University, Denpasar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Advisors<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Chairman Secretary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">DRS. NYOMAN
SUJAYA, M.Hum</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
NIP. 195610141985031002</span></b></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">DRA. A.A.
INTEN MAYUNI, M.Hum</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
NIP. 195905151993032001</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This paper is submitted as partial fulfillment to be
obtain the degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of
Letters,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Warmadewa University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Approved
by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Examining Board of English Department,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Faculty of Letters, Warmadewa University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">August
28<sup>th</sup>, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Denpasar,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">Drs.
Nyoman Sujaya, M.Hum _______________ (Chairman)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">Dra.
A.A. Inten Mayuni, M.Hum _______________ (Secretary)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">Drs.
Ketut Sudrama, M.Hum _______________ (Member)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">Drs.
Ketut Subagia, SS, M.Hum _______________ (Member)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 250%;">Drs.
A.A. Gede Suarjaya, M.Hum _______________ (Member)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PREFACE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> First of all, I wish to thank God
for His blessing and mercies, so that it made me able to complete this writing
at the proper time. There were so many problems and difficulties in the process
of writing the paper that I faced. By working hard and the useful helps of my advisors,
those problems were overcome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> I would like to express my sincere
gratitude to Drs. Nyoman Sujaya, M.Hum, as the Dean of Faculty of Letters,
Warmadewa University and as my first advisor, Dra. A.A. Inten Mayuni, M.Hum as
my second advisor, Drs. Wayan Ana, M.Hum as the Head of English Department and
all lectures in Faculty of Letters, Warmadewa University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> In this opportunity I also would
like to express my special gratitude to my lovely parents and brother who have
supported me in finishing my study. Thanks to my best friends (<i>Tim Nuas</i>) Sudana, Wisnu, Sucar, Prima,
Indra, Surya, Sansan, Sudewa,
Swandenata, Ngurah, Muditha and many more from English Department, Faculty of
letters, Warmadewa University; thanks for giving me your support in the process
of making this paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Finally, I realize that this paper
is still far from being perfect, therefore any constructive critics and
suggestions for the improvement of this writing are really appreciated. I hope
this writing will be useful for all of us, especially the students of English
Department, Faculty of Letters, Warmadewa University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Denpasar,
August 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Aris
Darmapati<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TABLE OF CONTENTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PREFACE</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> i<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ii<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ABSTRACT</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> iv<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ABSTRAK</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> v<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I. INTRODUCTION</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.1.
Background and Problems 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.2
Scope of Discussion 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.3
Aims 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.4
Theoretical Basis 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.5
Method of Research 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">II. RELATED STUDIES</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.1
Definition of Translation 6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.2
Kinds of Translation 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.2.1
Literal Translation 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.2.2
Idiomatic Translation 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.3
The Process of Translation 12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.4
Translation Equivalence 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5
Definition of Translation Shifts 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.1
Level Shifts 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.2
Category Shifts 17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.2.1
Structure Shifts 18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.2.2
Class Shifts 19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.2.3
Unit/rank Shifts 22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.5.2.4
Intra-system Shifts 23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">III. ANALYSIS</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.1
Level Shifts 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.1.1 Past Continuous Marker (<i>was/were + -ing</i>) Shifted into <i>sedang</i> 26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.1.2 Past Perfect Marker (<i>had + Past Participle marker</i>) Shifted into <i>sudah/telah</i> 30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2
Category Shifts 34 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.1
Structure Shifts 34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.2.1
Structure Shifts in Phrase Level 34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.2.2
Structure Shifts in Sentence Level 39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.2
Class Shifts 43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.2.1
Adverb to Adjective 43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.2.2
Noun to Verb 45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.3
Unit Shifts 46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.3.1
Word to Phrase 47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.3.2
Phrase to Word 50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.2.3
Intra-system Shifts 54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">IV. CONCLUSION</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.1
Conclusion 58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.2
Suggestion 59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BIBLIOGRAPHY</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> This
paper entitled <i>English-Indonesian
Translation Shifts Found in Novel Inheritance</i>. The data of this paper were
taken from an English novel entitled <i>Inheritance</i>
by Christopher Paolini (2011) and its translation in Indonesian entitled <i>Inheritance</i> – <i>Warisan </i>(2012) translated by Poppy D. Chisfani. This analysis was
mainly aimed at finding out the variations of the translation shift from
English into Indonesian that occur in these two novels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> This
paper was directed to answer two basic questions about the translation shifts. They
were first, what English-Indonesian translation shifts are found in Novel <i>Inheritance</i>; second, how do
English-Indonesian translation shifts occur in Novel <i>Inheritance</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The
theory used in this paper was taken from the book entitled <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i> by Catford (1965). His theory
about the translation shifts was used to analyze the data source. I also
applied the other theories that are considered relevant to the topic of
discussion in this paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> There
were some steps done in collecting data after mastering the theories. The
method that I used in collecting the data was library research. When the data
were collected and identified, the data were rewritten and they were classified
according to their types. Finally, the data were analyzed descriptively using
the theory of translation shifts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The types of translation shift were
found the data source. They can be divided into two, level shifts and category
shifts. Category shifts can be divided into four; they were structure shift,
class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift. Generally, the shifts that occurred
in the translation were caused by some reasons; the different structure of the
source language and the target language, English has tenses but Indonesian does
not have it, and each language has its own form to express the meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ABSTRAK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Skripsi
ini berjudul <i>English-Indonesian
Translation Shifts Found in</i> <i>Novel
Inheritance</i>. Data skripsi ini diambil dari novel berbahasa Inggris yang
berjudul <i>Inheritance</i> karangan
Christopher Paolini (2011) dan terjemahannya yang berbahasa Indonesianya dengan
judul <i>Inheritance </i>– <i>Warisan </i>(2012) diterjemahkan oleh Poppy
D. Chisfani. Analisa skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menemukan variasi dari
pergeseran terjemahan dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia yang terjadi di
dua novel tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Pada
dasarnya skripsi ini menjawab dua pertanyaan tentang pergeseran terjemahan. Yang
pertama, pergeseran terjemahan Inggris-Indonesia apa yang ditemukan di Novel <i>Inheritance</i>; kedua, bagaimana pergeseran
terjemahan Inggris-Indonesia terjadi di Novel <i>Inheritance</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Teori
yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini diambil dari buku yang berjudul <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i> oleh
Catford (1965). Teori beliau tentang
pergeseran terjemahan digunakan dalam menganalisa sumber data. Penulis
juga menggunakan buku teori lainnya yang berhubungan dengan topik yang dibahas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Ada
beberapa macam langkah yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Metode yang
digunakan penulis dalam mengumpulkan data adalah penelitian pustaka. Saat data
dikumpulkan dan diteliti, data ditulis ulang dan dikelompokkan menurut
jenis-jenisnya. Akhirnya, data dianalisa secara deskriptif berdasarkan teory
pergeseran terjemahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Jenis-jenis pergeseran terjemahan
telah ditemukan di sumber data. Pergeseran dapat dibagi menjadi dua, pergeseran
level dan pergeseran kategori. Pergeseran kategori dapat dibagi menjadi empat,
yaitu pergeseran struktur, pergeseran kelas, pergeseran unit dan pergeseran
intra-system. Umumnya, pergeseran-pergeseran ini terjadi di terjemahan karena
beberapa sebab; yaitu struktur dari bahasa sumber dan bahasa target adalah
berbeda, bahasa Inggris memiliki bentuk waktu tetapi bahasa Indonesia tidak
memilikinya, dan setiap bahasa memiliki bentuknya sendiri untuk mengungkapkan makna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CHAPTER I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.1<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Background
and Problems<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language
is one of the most important parts of human life. It is the human capacity for
using complex systems of communication, and a language is a specific example of
such a system. There are so many languages in this world. Chinese, Japanese,
French, Germany, English and Spanish are some examples of popular languages.
Most people in this world use English as their first or second language.
English is one of those popular languages that is known as an international
language. We know that English is used in song lyrics, in speech, in movie
dialogues etc. Sometime English is also translated into other languages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Translation
in English plays an important role in communication between two different
languages. Larson stated that translation is basically a change of form. When
we speak of the form of a language, we are referring to the actual words,
phrase, clause, sentences, paragraph, etc., which are spoken or written. These
forms are referred to as the surface structure of a language (Larson, 1984: 3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Publication
media is the place of many various kinds of translation. Novel is one of the
most popular publications. There are thousands novels publicized in the world
and many best-seller novels are translated into some languages. An
English-language novel can be translated into <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8161808347742267497" name="_GoBack"></a>some
languages like French, Japanese, Indonesian, Spain etc. Like common popular
novels, <i>Inheritance</i> (2011)<i> </i>by Christopher Paolini (English) is
also translated into many languages and one of them is Indonesian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">We
can find English-Indonesian translation in Novel<i> Inheritance</i>. The original novel was translated into Indonesian by
Poppy D. Chusfani and edited by Donna Widjajanto. In these novels, we can find
an interesting case. Let us see these examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> SL: The dragon Saphira roared, and the <b>soldiers</b> before her quailed. (Paolini,
2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sang naga
Saphira meraung, dan <b>para prajurit</b>
yang berada di hadapannya mengerut. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: An <b>arrow</b> whizzed past him; he paid it no
mind (Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sebuah
<b>anak panah </b>berdesing di dekatnya. Ia
tidak mengindah-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kannya (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example number (1), the word <i>soldiers</i>
in the source language (SL) is translated into <i>para prajurit</i> in target language (TL). This translation is called
unit shift because <i>soldiers</i> is a
word, it becomes <i>para prajurit</i> as a
phrase.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Shift
also occurs in example number (2), the word <i>arrow</i>
in the source language is translated into <i>anak
panah</i> in the target language. It is called unit shift too because <i>arrow</i> is a word and <i>anak panah </i>is a phrase. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
are also other interesting cases that related to translation shifts. In order
to know more about translation shifts, we have to analyze it by doing a
research. So, based on this background, I am interested in investigating about
the variations of translation shifts found in English and Indonesian novels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.2<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Scope of
Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Based on the background, there are
many problems related to English-Indonesian translation shifts found in Novel<i> Inheritance</i>. I think, it is necessary
to limit the discussion because of my limited time, cost and energy. So, it is
impossible to analyze them all. In this case, I limit the discussion into two
scope of discussions, they are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">What English-Indonesian
translation shifts are found in Novel <i>Inheritance</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">How do
English-Indonesian translation shifts occur in Novel <i>Inheritance</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.3<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Aims<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The aims of this study are divided into three parts; they
are general aim, specific aim, and academic aim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The general aim of this writing is to improve my
knowledge in understanding theory of translation, which I have got during my
study in the university. Further, I hope this writing can be used as additional
knowledge to improve ability in analyzing shifts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Beside the general aim, this research also has specific
aim. The specific aim of this writing is to know more about shifts. I want to
know about the variations of English-Indonesian translation shifts found Novel <i>Inheritance</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
academic aim of this writing is to fulfill one of the requirements in
completing my study in English Department Faculty of Letters, Warmadewa
University. The requirement is to obtain S1 degree and all of the students
should make a terms paper before being graduated from Warmadewa University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.4 Theoretical Basis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In doing this research, I used a main theory and many
supporting theories. The main theory in the analysis was taken from the theory
proposed by Catford (1965) in his book entitled <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i>. He stated that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By “shifts”
we mean departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the
SL (source language) to the TL (target language). Two major types of “shifts”
occur: level shifts and category shifts (Catford, 1965: 73).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beside theory
from Catford, other theories were also used as supporting theories. List of
them can be seen in the bibliography.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.5 Method of Research<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Method of research is very important
in presenting the analysis of data as well as drawing conclusion. The method of
research that used in this writing was applied in determining data source, data
collection, and data analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
data of this paper were taken from an English novel entitled <i>Inheritance </i>by Christopher Paolini (2011)
and its translation in Indonesian entitled <i>Inheritance
– Warisan </i>(2012)<i> </i>translated by
Poppy D. Chusfani. These novels were chosen because these novels are fit to
become my data source.<b><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
data collecting of this paper was done by using library research. First, I read
the two novels and then the data were collected by marking/quoting the
sentences in the novels which are related to topic. Then the data were written
on a paper and then the data were classified based on their relationship to the
theory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> After the data were collected and
classified based on their relationship to the theories of translation shifts,
then they were analyzed descriptively using the theory of translation shifts.
The theory about translation shifts that was used to analyze the data came from
Catford. In seeing the structure of the language, it used the English
structure. So, the concepts about <i>Subject</i>
(S) and <i>Predicate</i> (P) in Indonesian
were not used anymore.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CHAPTER II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">RELATED STUDIES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
this chapter, it will be discussed about the translation process and its
relations with translation shifts. Let us see the discussion below to have a
clear understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.1 Definition of
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
are many definitions of translation defined and it is defined in many ways. If
we analyze the translation, we will see that there are two languages involved
in translation. That is the reason of knowing what translation is.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In her book
entitled <i>Meaning-Based Translation </i>(1984),
Larson argued the definition of translation by some statements. She stated
that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Translation
is basically a change of form. When we speak of the form of a language, we are
referring to the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, etc.,
which are spoken or written. These forms are referred to as the surface
structure of a language (Larson, 1984: 3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">She also added that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
form from which the translation is made will be called the source language and
the form into which it is to be changed will be called the receptor language
(Larson, 1984: 3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Another
definition of translation was also proposed by Catford in his book entitled <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation </i>(1965),
he stated about the definition of translation that says:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Translation
is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one
language for a text in other (Catford, 1965: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">He
also added:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Translation
can be defined as follows: The replacement of textual material in one language
(SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) (Catford, 1965:
20).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Catford
also stated about translation, as a process, is always uni-directional: it is
always performed in a given direction; from a <i>Source Language</i> into a <i>Target
Language</i>. He used the abbreviations: SL for <i>Source Language</i> and TL for <i>Target
Language</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2 Kinds of
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">According
to Larson in her book entitled <i>Meaning-Based
Translation</i>, there are two kinds of translation, one is form-based and the
other is meaning-based translation. They are called the literal translation and
idiomatic translation. To make it clear, let us see the discussion below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.1
Literal Translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Literal
translation is a form-based translation; in literal translation, the form of
the source language is transferred into the form of the target language.
Although this literal translation is useful for the purposes that related to
the study of the source language, it has little help to the speakers of the
receptor language who are interested in the meaning of the source language
text. A literal translation has little communication value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> According
to Larson in his book entitled <i>Meaning-Based
translation</i>, literal translation is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Form-based
translations attempt to follow the form of the source language and are known as
literal translations (Larson, 1984: 17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Here
is an example of literal translation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
Koan daro (Chuava – Papua New Guinea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Your-name call! (Larson, 1984: 17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Larson stated that this literal
translation makes little sense in English. The appropriate translation would be
<i>What is your name?</i> (Larson, 1984:
17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This literal translation gives
priority to form whether that in words, clause, or sentence and it makes the
result of the translation sounds unnatural and has a little communication
value. This translation often becomes a bad translation because the translator
makes over the use of equivalent of the appropriate words with the contextual
meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL : Who has he been living with? (Margono, 1999:
4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL : Siapa telah dia tinggal dengan? (Margono, 1999: 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL : Beliau sudah mendahului kita (Margono, 1999:
7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL : He has left before us (Margono, 1999: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
translations above sound unnatural. The word <i>who </i>is simply translated into <i>siapa</i>.
<i>Has </i>is translated into <i>telah</i>, <i>he</i> is translated into <i>dia</i>,
<i>been livi</i>ng<i> </i>is translated into <i>tinggal</i>
and <i>with</i> is translated into <i>dengan</i>. The result is translated by word
– for – word translation and it causes the combination of the target language
sentence sounds unnatural and it usually makes the readers confused. This case
also happens in the second example. The word <i>beliau</i> is simply translated into <i>he</i>, <i>sudah</i> into <i>has</i>, <i>mendahului</i>
into <i>left before</i> and <i>us</i> into <i>kita</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larson
in her book <i>Meaning-Based translation</i>
quoted Barnwell’s statement (Barnwell 1980:18). It says: If the two languages
are related, the literal translation can often be understood, since the general
grammatical form may be similar. However, the literal choice of lexical items
makes the translation sound foreign. The following bilingual announcement was
overheard at an airport.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.2.2 Idiomatic
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Idiomatic
translation is the second types of translation. It can be found that the
definition of idiomatic translation in Larson’s <i>Meaning-Based translation </i>which is written:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Idiomatic
translation is meaning-based translations which make every effort to
communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural forms of the
receptor language (Larson, 1984: 17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on Larson’s statement,
idiomatic translation uses meaning-based in the translating process. It means
that a translator basically needs to know about the meaning of the source
language before he transfers this meaning into other languages. Idiomatic
translation uses the natural forms of the receptor language, both in the
grammatical constructions and in the choice of lexical items. The idiomatic
translation does not sound like a translation, it sounds like it was written
originally in the receptor language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Usually,
some good translations are finished using mixtures of a literal transfer of the
grammatical units along with some idiomatic translation. So, by doing it, the
results of the translation will sound more natural.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL :
Who has he been living with? (Margono, 1999: 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL :
Dengan siapa dia tinggal? (Margono, 1999: 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example above, we can see that there is a change of structure. The word <i>dengan</i> is placed in front of the
sentence and it makes the sentence better. The result of the translation is
easier to understand and to accept by the readers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Reproducing
a good receptor language text which communicates the same message as the source
language but using the natural grammatical and lexical choice of the receptor
language becomes the main purpose of a translator. Here is one more example of idiomatic
translation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL :
She is a woman of steel (Margono, 1999: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL :
Dia wanita yang berjiwa kuat (Margono, 1999: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Idiomatic translation above is
acceptable for the target readers because it sounds natural. The phrase <i>a woman of steel</i> is not simply
translated into <i>seorang wanita dari besi</i>
but idiomatically translated into <i>wanita
berjiwa kuat</i> because the translator understands the original meaning and
knows both languages well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Further, there are some types of
translation proposed by Margono (1999).This explanation is based on <i>Essential of</i> <i>Theory and Practice of Translation</i> (Margono, 1999: 4). According to
Margono, there are several types of translation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Morpheme-by-morpheme
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 556px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.15pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">English<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.8pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Who<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.15pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Has<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">He<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.8pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Been<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.15pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Liv-<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;" valign="top" width="62"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-Ing<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.8pt;" valign="top" width="65"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">With<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.15pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Indonesian<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.8pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Penanya orang<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.15pt;" valign="top" width="59"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kata bantu aspek perfect<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Personal tunggal maskulin<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.8pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Past Participle be<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.15pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">hidup<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.15pt;" valign="top" width="62"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sedang<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.8pt;" valign="top" width="65"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dengan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Example
above shows that the type of translation that used is morpheme-by-morpheme
translation. Lexical morpheme (in this example <i>live</i>: <i>hidup</i>) in the
translation is presented differently from grammatical morphemes. In this case,
every morpheme is given an explanation about its function rather than its
equivalent in the target language. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Word-by-word
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.15pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">English<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Who<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Has<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.65pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">He<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Been<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 56pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Living<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">With<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.15pt;" valign="top" width="86"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indonesian<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Siapa<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.7pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Telah<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 51.65pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dia<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 53pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 56pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tinggal<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.15pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dengan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Word-by-word
translation is used in the example above. Each word in the source language is
translated into a word in the target language. If one of them has not a
corresponding form, the word can be left untranslated (e.g. <i>been</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sentence-by-sentence
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">English<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Who
has he been living with?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indonesian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dengan
siapa dia tinggal?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A
sentence above is considered as a unit of grammatical structure, it is not a
text. Because it has not contexts, the translation is usually disappointed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Contextual
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Margono
concerned the discussion in this type of translation. When the translation is
related to its context, a possible translation might be like this:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">English<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 220.5pt;" valign="top" width="294"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Who
has he been living with?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.95in;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indonesian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 220.5pt;" valign="top" width="294"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Selama
ini dengan siapa dia tinggal disana?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To make
the sentence better and also fits the context, an addition <i>selama ini</i> in the beginning of the sentence and <i>di sana</i> in the end of the sentence is
needed. These additions make the result of the translation better and
acceptable in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.3 The Process of
Translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Larson described
about the process or steps of translation in her book entitled <i>Meaning-Based translation</i>; and here is
the overview of the translation task:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Translation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Text
to be translated<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:rect><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SOURCE LANGUAGE RECEPTOR
LANGUAGE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MEANING<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Discover the meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Re-express
the meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:rect><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(Larson,
1984: 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based
on the diagram, it can be found that there are three major steps in the process
of translation. Firstly, a translator needs to discover the meaning of the
message in the source language (there is a text to be translated). After the
translator gets the meaning, the process of determining the meaning that
related to the communicated is needed. Finally, a translator needs to
re-explain or re-express the meaning (the message) in target language using the
translation equivalent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Receptor
Language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Source
Language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Restructuring<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Analysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:rect><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> According
to Margono, in his <i>Essential of</i> <i>Theory and Practice of Translation</i>, he
proposed a diagram of translation process:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Transfer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:stroke></v:shape><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Margono
explained that the processes of analyzing a translation may consist of:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(a)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Analyzing
grammatical relationship between constituent parts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(b)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Identify
the meanings of the semantic units.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(c)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Finding
the connotative meanings of the grammatical structures and semantic units.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">For
example, here is a translation from English as the source language into
Indonesian as target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL : The Balinese themselves are drawn to
exhibition of trance and find them as interesting as the tourist (Margono,
1999: 14).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL : Pertunjukan tarian yang penarinya
mengalami kerauhan dikunjungi banyak penonton, termasuk wisatawan asing dan
orang Bali sendiri. Pertunjukan itu sama menariknya bagi wisatawan maupun orang
Bali (Margono, 1999: 14).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the example above, the original meaning is not changed when translating the
source language text into target language text. As we see above, almost all of
the meanings in the source language text are translated again in the target
language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.4
Translation Equivalence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Equivalence
is very important in translating a language into other languages; it lies between
the source and the target language. In understanding the equivalence, Catford
stated a statement about equivalence in his book <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i> (1965).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> According
to Catford, it is possible to generalize the condition for translation
equivalence as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Translation
equivalence occurs when a SL and a TL text or item are relatable to (at least
some of) the same features of substance (Catford, 1965: 50).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Based on the statement, it means
when a source language text or item has some language relations at least the
some features of substance with the target language, it is possible for the
translation equivalence to occur. The translation cannot be based only upon
some of meanings but however it must be related to some situations or contexts
where the equivalence should be established.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> If the requirement of the equivalent
in the source language and target language are relatable, a problem that
usually faced in founding this relation is caused by the quit difference
cultures of the people who speak the target language with the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL : <b>Jam
tangan</b> anda sangat canggih. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL : Your <b>watch</b> is very sophiscated (Margono,
1999: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL : <b>Lontong</b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL : <b>Cooked rice wrapped in
banana leaf</b> (Margono, 1999: 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
example (1) <i>jam tangan</i> in source
language has an equivalence <i>watch</i> in
the target language, so there is not translating problem found here. But in
example (2), <i>lontong</i> is difficult to
translate to English. There is not English word that can be used to match <i>lontong</i>. So, the translator decided to
modify it by using an explanation that is <i>cooked
rice wrapped in banana leaf</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5 Definition of
Translation Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Translation
shifts is a changing of form when it is translated from the source language
into target language. Catford, in his book entitled <i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i> (1965) explained the definition
and concept of translation shifts. He stated that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By
‘shifts’ we mean departures from formal correspondence in the process of going
from the SL to the TL (Catford, 1965: 73).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Further, Catford stated about the
relationship between translation shifts and formal correspondence. He also
divided translation shifts into two major types. He stated that two major types
of shift occur; they are level shifts and category shifts (Catford, 1965: 73).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.1 Level Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In
<i>A Linguistic Theory of Translation</i>,
Catford stated that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By
shift of level we mean that a SL item at one linguistic level has a TL
translation equivalent at a different level (Catford, 1965: 73).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Then, he stated that by level shift
means a shift from grammar to lexis; and here are the examples.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: I <b>am</b> work<b>ing</b> hard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Saya
<b>sedang</b> bekerja keras (Margono, 1999:
21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: I <b>have worked</b> hard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Saya
<b>sudah</b> bekerja keras (Margono, 1999:
21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">From
the text in the source language above, it is found that the grammatical item <i>tobe + -ing</i> (pattern of Present
Continuous Tense in English) in the source language is translated into <i>sedang</i> in the target language. So the
level shift in the translation is indicated by grammar in the source
language which is translated into lexis
in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Level
shift also happens in the example (2) because the form <i>have + Perfect Tense marker</i> (pattern of Present Perfect Tense in
English) in the source language is translated into target language by using the
lexis <i>sudah</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.2 Category Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> According
to Catford, the second type of translation shifts is category shift. Catford
defined that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Category
shifts are departures from formal correspondence in translation (Catford, 1965:
76).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> It
means that category shifts are related with formal correspondence and Catford
also stated about this formal correspondence as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A
formal correspondence is any Target Language (TL) category which may be said to
occupy as nearly as possible, the ‘same’ place in the economy of the Target
Language (TL) as the given source language (SL) category occupies in the source
language (SL). (Catford, 1965: 32) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> He explained that in grammar, for
example: structure-shifts can occur at all ranks. It has a large part in the
translation shifts that may happen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In
order to understand more about category shifts, it should be discussed about
the classification of category shifts. The category shift is divided into four,
they are: structure shift, class shift, unit shift and intra system shift
(Catford, 1965: 76). Further explanation about them will be given on next subs.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.2.1 Structure
Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The most frequent category shift
that occurs in translation is structure shift. It occurs at all rank in
translation. It occurs in phonological and graphological translation as well as
in total translation. (Catford, 1965: 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> According
to Catford’s concept about structure, it is said that:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A
structure is an arrangement of elements (subject, predicator, object,
complement, adjunct) (Catford, 1965: 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Structure shifts is indicated by a
situation when there are two languages which have different element of
structure. Besides, the source language and target language should have formal
correspondence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: I
wash myself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 58.5pt 76.5pt 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 229.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Saya
mandi (Margono,
1999: 20).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 67.5pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S P<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <b>The
book</b> is on the table.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> M
H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 229.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Buku
itu</b> ada di atas meja (Erhans,
2007: 154).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> H
M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the example above, it can be
found that the source language has different structure of sentence level and
phrase level with the target language. In the example (1) the source language
has sentence structure <i>I</i> (S), <i>wash</i> (V) and <i>myself</i> (O). Its translation has different sentence structure in the
target language, that is <i>saya</i> (S) and
<i>mandi</i> (P). From its translation, it
can be seen that one element that is object <i>myself</i>
in the source language is not translated in target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (2) it is found
that the translation has different structure of phrase from the <i>the book</i> into <i>buku itu</i>. The phrase <i>the book</i>
in the source language consists of Modifier-Head (MH) pattern, modifier <i>the</i> and head <i>book. </i>It is translated into <i>buku
itu</i>, which consists of Head-Modifier (HM) pattern; head <i>buku</i> and modifier <i>itu</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.2.2 Class Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Class shift, as explained by
Catford, is a shift that occurs when the translation equivalent of a SL item is
a member of a different class from the original item. It means that SL has
different class with TL (Catford, 1965: 78).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of class can happen from a
noun into adjective, verbs into adjectives etc. To simplify the illustration of
each word classes, we may explore the explanations of word classes by Quirk in
his book entitle <i>A University Grammar of
English</i> as follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Classes of word in English are
adjective, adverb, noun, pronoun, and verb. <i>Adjective</i>
is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. We can identify a word is an
adjective by considering what inflections or affixes it will allow. Adjective
can be modified by the intensifier <i>ver</i>y,
as in <i>The children are very happy</i>
(Quirk, 1973: 114). Adjective also shows comparative and superlative form, <i>The children are <b>happier</b> now</i> as an example (Quirk, 1973: 115). Adjective
functions as attributive, as shown in <i>The
<b>beautiful</b> painting</i> (Quirk, 1973:
115). Adjective functions as object complement, for example: <i>He pulled his belt <b>tight</b></i> (Quirk, 1973: 115). And adjective also functions as head
of noun phrase, as like in the following example <i>The extremely <b>old</b> need a great
deal of attention</i> (Quirk, 1973: 118).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <i>Adverb</i> is a word or group of words that
describes or adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a
whole sentence. The most characteristic of the adverb is morphological; the
majority of the adverbs have the derivational suffix -<i>ly</i>. Adverb has two characteristics (functions); those are adverbs
functions as adverbial, can be seen from <i>He
spoke to me about it <b>briefly</b></i>.
The second function is adverb as modifier of adjective and adverb, which can be
seen from <i>She has a <b>really beautiful</b> face</i>, and <i>They
are smoking <b>very heavily</b></i> (adverb
as intensifier) (Quirk, 1973: 125-127).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <i>Noun</i>
is a word or group of words that refers to a person, a place, a thing or
activity, or a quality or an idea. Noun can be divided into two subclasses;
they are <i>Count Noun</i> and <i>Non-Count Noun</i>. Count noun means the
noun which must be seen as individual countable entities and cannot be viewed
as an undifferentiated mass (such as: chair, word, finger, remark). And
Non-Count Noun means the noun which must be seen group of things as an
undifferentiated mass or continuum (such as: grass, warmth, humor). Basically,
the noun is also as the noun phrase that functions as subject, object,
complement of the sentence, and as complement in prepositional phrase. In <b><i>The
girl</i></b><i> is Mary Smith</i> (Quirk,
1973: 59), <i>the girl</i> functions as a
subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <i>Pronoun</i>
is a word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase. Pronoun constitutes a
heterogeneous class of items with numerous subclasses, like: they, we, I, you,
he, she, it, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <i>Verb</i>
is the element of sentence that expresses or describes an action, an event,
experience, or a state which is performed by the subject and it stands before
object. One example of verb is <i>grew</i>
in <i>His brother <b>grew</b> happier gradually</i> (Quirk, 1973: 12). The word <i>grew</i> in the example above is a verb; the
word here can be said as a verb because it states an action of the subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">And
here are the examples of class shift:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: Mereka
bekerja dengan <b>lambat</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 255.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: They
are working <b>slowly</b>.<b> </b>(Sneddon,
1996: 336).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: Mereka
melawan teroris dengan <b>gigih</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: They opposed the
terrorists <b>resolutely</b>. <b> </b>(Sneddon, 1996: 336).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">From
the example above, the source language is Indonesian and the target language is
English. In the example (1), the word <i>lambat</i>
in the source language functions as an adjective; and the word <i>slowly</i> in the target language functions
as an adverb. So, the translation equivalent of the adjective <i>lambat</i> in the source language is the adverb
<i>slowly</i> in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Class
shift also occurs in the example (2). It happens from an adjective into an
adverb. The word <i>gigih</i> in the source
language is an adjective and it is translated into <i>resolutely</i> which is categorized as an adverb in the target
language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.2.3 Unit/rank
Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Catford defined unit shift as a
change of rank, departures from formal correspondence in which the translation
equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the
TL (Catford, 1965: 79).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Unit shift as a change of rank may
happen from word to phrase, phrase to word or phrase to clause. Oxford
dictionary defined word as a sound or group of sounds that expresses a meaning
and forms an independent unit of a language (Oxford Dictionary: 1374). Whereas
Longman Dictionary defined it as the smallest unit of spoken language which has
meaning and can stand alone, such as: good, goodness (Longman Dictionary:
1213).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Phrase by Oxford dictionary was
defined as a group of words without a verb, especially one that forms part of
sentence: <i>The green car</i> and <i>a half past four</i> are phrases (Oxford
dictionary: 868). Both phrases in examples above have a higher position
(unit/rank) than word.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of unit can happen from word
to phrase, phrase to word or phrase to clause. Here are examples of unit
shifts:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: Your
<b>watch </b>is very sophisticated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Jam tangan</b> anda sangat canggih
(Margono, 1999: 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
There is <b>an exhibition</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Ada <b>pertunjukan</b><i> </i>(Margono, 1999:15).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the example (1), it is found that
a unit shift in translation shows a change of rank. As we see, the word <i>watch</i> (in lower rank) in the source
language is translated into a phrase <i>jam
tangan</i> (in higher rank) in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Unit shift is also found in the
second example, the noun phrase <i>an
exhibition</i> (higher rank) in source language is translated into a word <i>pertunjuka</i>n which is a part of the lower
rank in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.5.2.4 Intra-system
Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Intra-system shift is the shift
occurs internally, within a system: that is, for those cases where the source
language (SL) and the target language (TL) possess systems which approximately
correspond formally as to their constitution, but it does not occurs when
translation involves the selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system
(Catford, 1965: 80). Moreover, in each language, the system is one of two
terms, they are <i>singular</i> and <i>plural</i> and these terms are also regarded
as formally corresponding. Below are the examples of intra-system shift:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: Balinese
<b>people</b> go to the exhibition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Orang</b> Bali menonton pertunjukan itu.
(Margono, 1999: 15)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <b>Tourists </b>pay attention to the
exhibition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Wisatawan</b> menaruh perhatian kepada
pertunjukan itu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(Margono,
1999: 15)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> From both examples, it can be found
that there are departures from the source language into target language. There
is a corresponding plural form for <i>people</i>
through a repetition of the word <i>orang</i>
(<i>orang-orang</i>) in Indonesian, but the
Indonesian language system shows it in a singular form <i>orang</i>. It also has a corresponding plural form for <i>tourists</i> through a repetition of the
word <i>wisatawan</i> (<i>wisatawan-wisatawan</i>) or using additional word <i>para</i> + <i>wisatawan</i> in
Indonesian, but the system of Indonesian
language still shows it in a singular form <i>wisatawan</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CHAPTER
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ANALYSIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">What
has been explained in chapter two is about translation and translation shifts;
now in this chapter it will be described about the analysis of translation
shifts that were found in the data source and how do they occur. The data were
taken from an English novel entitled <i>Inheritance</i>
(2011) written by Christopher Paolini and the Indonesian version of the novel
entitled <i>Inheritance - Warisan</i>
(2012). It was translated by Poppy D. Chusfany. The analysis of translation
shifts that were found in the novels are described in the following sub
chapters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1 Level Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (DOWNLOAD SELENGKAPNYA DIATAS ) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</b></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1.1
Past Continuous Marker (<i>was/were + -ing</i>)
Shifted into <i>sedang</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on the
data source of this paper, the shifts of level which show Past Continuous marker
(<i>was/were + -ing</i>) shifted into <i>sedang</i> in the translation were found.
For a clear analysis, let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: He and Saphira were in the
courtyard of the castle, away from the men who <b>were</b> labor<b>ing</b> to clear
it- pilling stones and bodies alike into carts – and from the people streaming
in and out of the damaged building, many of whom had been present at Nasuada’s
audience with King Halfpaw and were now leaving to attend to other duties. (Paolini,
2011: 43).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Ia dan saphira berada di pekarangan kastel, menjauh dari para pejuang yang <b>sedang</b> bekerja membersihkan tempat itu
– menumpuk bebatuan dan mayat-mayat ke gerobak – dan dari orang-orang yang
mengalir keluar-masuk bangunan yang rusak, banyak diantara mereka yang tadi
hadir ketika Nasuada bicara dengan Raja Halfpaw dan sekarang pergi untuk
melakukan tugas lain. (Chusfani, 2012: 55).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)
SL: He <b>was</b> in the middle of wring<b>ing</b> out the last item, and his freshly
poured tea was waiting for him next to Katrina, when someone shouted their
names from across the busy way. (Paolini, 2011: 66).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Ia <b>sedang</b> memeras kain terakhir, dan
tehnya yang baru dituang menunggunya di sebelah Katrina, ketika seseorang
meneriakkan nama mereka dari seberang jalan yang ramai. (Chusfani, 2012: 74).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3)
SL: With a faint sense of surprise, he realized that Nasuada <b>was</b> call<b>ing</b> his name. (Paolini, 2011: 274).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dengan sedikit terkejut, Roran tersadar
Nasuada <b>sedang</b> memanggil-manggil
namanya. (Chusfani, 2012: 233).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4)
SL: Eragon locked eyes with Arya and
found within them a combination of determination and defensiveness, as if she <b>was</b> challeng<b>ing</b> him to attempt to pry open her secrets, but she was also afraid
of what would happen if he did. (Paolini, 2011: 314).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Eragon berpandangan dengan Arya, dan Eragon melihat kombinasi tekad serta sorot
defensive dalam matanya, seakan-akan elf itu <b>sedang</b> menantangnya untuk mencoba memeras rahasia dari dalam
dirinya, tapi juga takut tentang apa yang bakal terjadi jika Eragon mampu
melakukannya. (Chusfani, 2012: 264).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> 5) SL: The werecat, he was puzzled to see, <b>was</b> watch<b>ing</b> him with ice-blue eyes. (Paolini, 2011: 509).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -19.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dengan bingung
Eragon melihat si werecat <b>sedang</b>
memperhatikan-nya dengan mata biru sedingin es. (Chusfani, 2012: 417).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It
can be stated that level shift occurs in example number (1). The structure of <i>were + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. In this case, the level shift happens from grammar to lexis.
This shift happens because in English, to express a progress or ongoing
activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous
Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>.
<i>The men who were laboring</i> <i>to clear it</i> means the activity of <i>laboring</i> by the subject <i>the men</i> was in progress or ongoing. Meanwhile
in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is true that between the source language and target
language there is level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation
is good because both the source language and the target language carry the same
meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
level shift also occurs in the example number (2). The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. In this example, the level shift happens from grammar to
lexis. This shift of level occurs because in English, <i>was/were + -ing</i> is used to express a progress or ongoing activity
in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>). <i>He was in the middle of wringing</i> means
the activity of <i>wringing</i> by the
subject <i>he</i> was in progress or
ongoing. In Indonesian, there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>.
So, it is right that between the source language and target language there is
level shift. In this example, because both the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning, it can be said that the quality of the
translation is pretty good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
is a level shift in the example number (3). The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. So, it means the level shift happens from grammar to lexis.
This shift occurs because in English, <i>was/were
+ -ing</i> can be used to express a progress or ongoing activity in the past
(past continuous tense). <i>Nasuada was
calling his name</i> means the activity of <i>calling</i>
by the subject <i>Nasuada</i> was in
progress or ongoing. There is not specific form to express such activity in Indonesian.
In Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is right that between the source language and target
language there is level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation
is pretty good because both the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the example number (4), there is a level shift. The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. It can be said that the
level shift happens from grammar to lexis. It happens because in English, to
express a progress or ongoing activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>. <i>She was
challenging him</i> means the activity of <i>challenging</i>
by the subject <i>she</i> was in progress or
ongoing. Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such
activity. In Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is true that between the
source language and target language there is level shift. In this example, the
quality of the translation is good because the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A
shift of level occurs in the example number (5). The structure of <i>was+ -ing</i> in the source language is translated
into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the target
language. It means the level shift
happens from grammar to lexis. This shift happens because in English, to
express a progress or ongoing activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>. <i>The werecat,
he was puzzled to see, was watching him with ice-blue eyes</i> means the
activity of <i>watching</i> by the subject <i>werecat </i>was in progress or ongoing.
Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>.
So, it is true that between the source language and target language there is
level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation is good because
both the source language and the target language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1.2
Past Perfect Marker (had + Past Participle marker) shifted into <i>sudah/telah<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on the
data source of this paper, the shifts of level which show Past Perfect marker (<i>had + Past Participle marker</i>) shifted
into <i>sudah/telah</i> in the translation
were found. Let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)
SL: Though Eragon <b>had eaten</b> and then
rested for perhaps an hour, his weariness had not entirely abated. (Paolini,
2011: 51).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Meski Eragon <b>sudah</b> makan dan
beristirahat selama kira-kira satu jam, keletihannya belum benar-benar sirna.
(Chusfani, 2012: 61).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)
SL: Someone <b>had shot</b> at him with a
crossbow from the roof of a building. (Paolini, 2011: 57).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.9pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: times new roman, serif;"><b>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Malam <b>sudah</b> turun, dan satu-satunya cahaya dalam kamar tidur mewah itu
dating dari dua batang lilin pada meja dan api kecil yang berpendar dari
perapian dekat ranjang yang bertiang empat yang kosong. (Chusfani, 2012: 230).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5)
SL: “If ever I get the chance, I’ll kill
you for this,” Tharos <b>had said</b>. (Paolini,
2011: 274).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: “Kalau punya kesempatan, aku
akan membunuhmu,” Tharos <b>telah</b>
berkata. (Chusfani, 2012: 233).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
is a level shift in example number (1). The structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> in the source language is translated
into lexis <i>sudah</i> in the target
language. The level shift occurs from grammar to lexis. It happens because in
English, to express <i>Past Perfect Pense</i>
or the activity that happened before a particular time in the past, the pattern
of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> is
used. <i>Eragon had eaten </i>means the
activity of <i>eating</i> by the subject <i>Eragon</i> occurred in the past up to the
present time. Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express
such activity. In Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sudah</i>. So, between the source language
and target language there is a level shift. The quality of the translation in
this example is good because both the source language and the target language
carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the translation shift, example number (2) shows a level shift. The
structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>
in the source language is translated into lexis <i>telah</i> in the target language. So, the shift of level happens from
grammar to lexis. It occurs because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that happened before a
particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Someone
had shot at him </i>shows that the activity of <i>shooting</i> by the subject <i>someone</i>
occurred in the past up to the present time. In Indonesian, there is not
specific form to express such activity. In Indonesian, it is expressed by word
such as <i>telah</i>. So, it is right that
between the source language and target language there is a level shift. Seen
from the translation, both the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning. So, it can be said that the quality of the translation is
pretty good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Shift of level
also occurs in the example (3), the structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> in the source language is translated
into lexis <i>telah </i>in the target
language. This level shift also happens from grammar to lexis. The reason is
similar; it occurs because in English, the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> can be used to express the <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that
happened before a particular time in the past. <i>He had traded his armor </i>means the activity of <i>trading</i> by the subject <i>he</i>
occurred in the past up to the present time. Meanwhile Indonesian does not have
specific form to express such activity. It is expressed by word such as <i>telah</i> in Indonesian. So, it is true that
between the source language and target language there is level shift. The
quality of the translation in this example is also good because the source
language and the target language carry the same meaning.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Seeing
the example number (4), it can be stated that there is a shift of level. The
structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>
in the source language is translated into lexis <i>sudah</i> in the target language. It means the shift of level happens
from grammar to lexis. It occurs because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that
happened before a particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Night had fallen </i>means the activity of <i>falling</i> by the subject <i>night</i> occurred in the past up to the
present<span style="color: #c00000;"> </span>time. In Indonesian, there is not
specific form to express such activity. In Indonesian, this activity is
expressed by word such as <i>sudah</i>. So,
it is correct that between the source language and target language there is a
level shift. In this example, the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning. So, it can be stated that the quality of the translation is
good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A
shift of level occurs in the example number (5). The structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> in the
source language is translated into lexis <i>telah</i>
in the target language. It means the level shift occurs from grammar to lexis.
This shift happens because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that happened before a
particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Tharos
had said </i>means the activity <i>saying</i>
by the subject <i>tharos</i> occurred in the
past up to the present time. In Indonesian, there is not specific form to
express such activity. In Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>telah</i>. So, it is true that between the source
language and target language there is level shift. In this example, the quality
of the translation is good because both the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2 Category Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Beside the level shift, we also have
category shifts. Category shifts are departures from formal correspondence in
translation. There are four types of category shifts; they are structure shift,
class shift, unit shift and intra-system shift. Usually, they are found in the
translation results from English to Indonesian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1 Structure
Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Structure shifts are the shifts that
happen when the source language structure and target language structure are
different. These shifts usually occur in the level of phrase, clause, and
sentence. For a clearer discussion, let us see the following analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1.1
Structure Shifts in Phrase Level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based
on the data source of this paper, the shifts of structure that occur in the
level of phrase were found. For a clear analysis, let us see the examples
below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">SL: <b><u>The blue sword</u></b> flashed bright
and iridescent, stark against the wall of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 63.8pt 85.5pt 112.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> M M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">black clouds building
in the west. (Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">TL:
<b><u>Pedang biru itu</u></b> berkilat
terang dan memancarkan cahaya berwarna-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> H M M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">warni, tampak mencolok dilatarbelakangi awan hitam
yang bergulung-gulung di barat. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
The blue sword flashed bright and iridescent, stark against the wall of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">black
clouds</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
building in the west. (Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Pedang biru itu berkilat terang dan
memancarkan cahaya berwarna-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">warni,
tampak mencolok dilatarbelakangi <b><u>awan
hitam</u></b> yang bergulung-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> H M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">gulung di barat. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3) SL: <b><u>A
faint golden glow</u></b> filled the tent as he lifted the lid of the chest. M M M H
(Paolini,
2011: 52).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">TL<b>: <u>Pendar cahaya keemasan samar</u> </b>memenuhi
tenda ketika Eragon <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.8pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">M H M M <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.8pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">mengangkat tutup peti. (Chusfani, 2012: 62).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4) SL: <b><u>The
dim gray light</u></b> from the cloudy sky fell upon him as Arya M M M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">pushed aside the
entrance flap. (Paolini, 2011: 53).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.95pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">TL:
<b><u>Cahaya kelabu suram</u></b> dari
langit berawan menerpa Eragon ketika <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">H M
M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 58.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">arya
menyibakkan pintu tenda sampai terbuka. (Chusfani,
2012: 63).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 56.7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">5) SL: <b><u>Our
trap</u></b> has sprung shut around him. (Paolini, 2011: 82).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 70.9pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">TL<b>: <u>Jebakan kita</u></b> menjeratnya.
(Chusfani, 2012: 86). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">H M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; tab-stops: 63.0pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The examples above show us that the
target language has different phrase structure from the target language. In
example number (1), there is a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>the blue sword</i> which is composed by pre-modifier
<i>the, </i>pre-modifier <i>blue</i> and head <i>sword</i> is translated into <i>pedang
biru itu</i> in Indonesian. The phrase <i>pedang
biru itu</i> is formed by the head <i>pedang</i>,
post-modifier <i>biru</i> and post-modifier <i>itu</i>. Considering the different structure
between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target
language, it can be stated that there is structure shift in phrase level. It
happens because the basic structure of the source language noun phrase is the
inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. The structure of English
noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier - pre
modifier - head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier - post modifier</i>.
Based on its translation, we can conclude that the translation from the phrase <i>the blue sword</i> into <i>pedang biru itu</i> is good because there is not lost meaning on the
result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to the first example, in
example number (2) there is also a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>black clouds</i> in the source language
consists of pre modifier <i>black</i> and
head <i>clouds</i>. It is translated into a
different phrase structure, that is <i>awan
hitam</i>. The noun phrase in the target language consists of head <i>awan</i> and post modifier <i>hitam</i>. Considering the different
structure between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the
target language, it can be concluded that there is structure shift in phrase
level. It also happens because the basic noun phrase structure of the source
language is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. In this
case, the structure of English noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier - head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier</i>. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation from the phrase <i>black clouds</i> into <i>awan hitam</i> is pretty good because there is not lost meaning on the
result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the example number (3), there is
a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>a faint golden glow</i> in the source language is composed by pre modifier
<i>a</i>, pre modifier <i>faint</i>, pre modifier <i>golden</i>
and head <i>glow</i>. The target language
has a different phrase structure, that is <i>pendar
cahaya keemasan samar</i>. It is composed by the pre modifier <i>pendar</i>, head <i>cahaya</i>, post modifier <i>keemasan</i>
and post modifier <i>samar</i>. It can be
stated that there is structure shift in phrase level because the basic structure
between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target language
is different. The inversion between the source and the target language noun
phrase still causes this shift to occur. As we know that the structure of
English noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier
– pre modifier – pre modifier – head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase
structure is <i>pre modifier – head – post
modifier – post modifier</i>. Based on its translation, we can conclude that
the translation from the phrase <i>a faint
golden glow</i> into <i>pendar cahaya
keemasan samar</i> is good because there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of structure also happens in
the fourth example. The noun phrase structure <i>the dim gray light</i> in the source language consists of pre modifier <i>the</i>, pre modifier <i>dim</i>, pre modifier <i>gray</i> and
head <i>light</i>. The target language has a
different phrase structure, that is <i>cahaya
kelabu suram</i>. The head is filled by <i>cahaya</i>
and the post modifiers are filled by <i>kelabu
</i>and<i> suram</i>. It can be concluded
that there is structure shift in phrase level because the structure between the
phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target language is
different. This happens because the noun basic phrase structure of the source
language is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. English
noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier - pre
modifier - pre modifier</i> <i>- head</i> meanwhile
Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head
- post modifier - post modifier</i>. Based on its translation, we can make a
statement that the translation from the phrase <i>the dim gray light</i> into <i>cahaya
kelabu suram</i> is adequate because there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Example number (5) shows us that
there is a level shift. The noun phrase structure <i>our trap</i> in the source language consists of pre modifier <i>our</i> and head <i>trap</i>. It is translated into <i>jebakan
kita</i>, which has a different phrase structure. The phrase in the target
language consists of the head <i>jebakan</i>
and post modifier <i>kita</i>. Considering
the different structure between the phrase of the source language and the
phrase of the target language, it can be stated that there is structure shift
in phrase level. This happens because the noun phrase structure of the source
language above is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. English
noun phrase is <i>pre modifier - head</i>
meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier</i>. Seeing this translation, we can state that
the translation from the phrase <i>our trap </i>into
<i>jebakan kita</i> is adequate because
there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1.2
Structure Shifts in Sentence Level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beside
the structure shifts in phrase level, the structure shifts that occur in the
level of sentence were found too. Based on the data source, there were shifts
of structure in sentence level; they were from SVC into S+C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
<u>Eragon’s shout</u> <u>was</u> <u>so loud</u> (Paolini, 2011: 19).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 113.4pt 163.05pt 191.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Teriakan Eragon</u> <u>begitu keras</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 35).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 170.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
<u>His voice</u> <u>was</u> <u>deep</u> (Paolini, 2011: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 134.7pt 155.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 177.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Suaranya</u> <u>dalam</u> (Chusfani,
2012: 51).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 141.75pt 283.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
<u>Galbatorix</u> <u>is</u> <u>mad</u> (Paolini, 2011: 49).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 127.6pt 148.85pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Galbatorix</u> <u>gila</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 60).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 141.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
<u>The scars</u> <u>were</u> <u>asymmetrical</u> (Paolini, 2011: 69).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 99.25pt 134.7pt 177.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Luka-luka goresan itu</u> <u>tidak simetris</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 76).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 120.5pt 212.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
<u>They</u> <u>were</u> <u>too quiet</u> (Paolini, 2011: 265).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 85.05pt 113.4pt 148.85pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Mereka</u> <u>terlalu tenang</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 226).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 99.25pt 141.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Structure shift in sentence level
occurs in example number (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). The sentence structure of
the source language in example number (1) is SVC and the sentence structure of
the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>Eragon’s shout</i> as subject, <i>was</i> as verb, and <i>so loud</i> as complement. In the target language, <i>teriakan Eragon</i> becomes the subject, and <i>begitu keras</i> as the complement. The sentence element verb <i>was</i> in the source language is
untranslated in the target language. English sentence structure SVC can be
translated into S+C in Indonesian because a subject can be directly followed by
complement in Indonesian. <i>Teriakan Eragon
begitu keras</i> actually comes from <i>teriakan
Eragon adalah begitu keras</i> with the structure of <i>teriakan Eragon</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i>
as verb, and <i>begitu keras</i> as
complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i>
can be removed in Indonesian. Based on its translation, we can conclude that
the translation from the source language sentence into target language sentence
is good because it is only simplified and there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (2), the sentence
structure of the source language is SVC and the sentence structure of the
target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>his voice</i> as subject, <i>was</i> as verb, and <i>deep</i> as complement. In the target language, <i>suaranya</i> is the subject, and <i>dalam</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>was</i> in the source language seems untranslated in the target
language. English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in Indonesian
because a subject can be directly followed by complement in Indonesian. <i>Suaranya dalam</i> actually comes from <i>Suaranya adalah dalam</i> with the structure
of <i>suaranya</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>dalam </i>as complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in Indonesian. Seen from the translation
quality, we can conclude that the sentence translation from the source language
into target language is adequate because it is only simplified and there is not
lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Shift of structure also occurs in
the third example, the sentence structure of the source language is SVC and the
sentence structure of the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source
language consists of <i>Galbatorix</i> as
subject, <i>is</i> as verb, and <i>mad</i> as complement. In the target language,
<i>Galbatorix</i> is the subject, and <i>gila</i> becomes the complement. The
sentence element verb <i>is</i> in the
source language does not exist when it is translated into target language. It
occurs that English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in
Indonesian because a subject can be directly followed by complement in
Indonesian. <i>Galbatorix gila</i> actually
comes from <i>Galbatorix adalah gila</i>
with the structure of <i>Galbatorix</i> as
subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>gila </i>as complement. In this case the
verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in
Indonesian. Seen from its translation, we can make a conclusion that the
translation from the source language sentence into target language sentence is
adequately because there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to the previous example, the
sentence structure of the source language in example (4) is SVC and the
sentence structure of the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source
language consists of <i>the scars</i> as
subject, <i>were</i> as verb, and <i>asymmetrical</i> as complement. In the
target language, <i>luka-luka goresan itu</i>
is the subject, and <i>tidak simetris</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>were</i> in the source language is untranslated in the target language.
English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in Indonesian because
a subject can be directly followed by complement in Indonesian. <i>Luka-luka goresan itu tidak simetris</i>
actually comes from <i>Luka-luka goresan itu
adalah tidak simetris</i> with the structure of <i>luka-luka goresan itu</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>tidak
simetris </i>as complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in Indonesian. Seeing this condition, we can
make a statement that the translation from the source language sentence into
target language sentence is adequate because its structure is simplified and
there is not lost meaning that occurs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In the last example, the sentence
structure of the source language is SVC and the sentence structure of the
target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>they</i> as subject, <i>were</i> as verb, and <i>too quiet</i>
as complement. In the target language, <i>mereka</i>
is the subject, and <i>terlalu tenang</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>were</i> in the source language seems untranslated into the target
language. In Indonesian, the subject of the sentence can be directly followed
by complement. <i>Mereka terlalu tenang </i>actually
comes from <i>mereka adalah terlalu tenang</i>
with the structure of <i>mereka </i>as
subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>terlalu tenang</i> as complement. In this
case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted
in Indonesian. Based on this translation, it can be stated that the translation
from the source language sentence into target language sentence is good because
there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2 Class Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Class shift means a shift of a class
in the source language into a different class in the target language. We can
see the class shifts that were found in the data source in the following
examples. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2.1 Adverb to
Adjective<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of class may occur from
adverb to adjective in the translation of source language into target language.
The following examples will show us the preview of this shift.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: “Kill him!” the robed man
ordered, sounding more frightened than <b>lordly</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 23).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: “Bunuh dia!” lelaki berjubah
tadi memerintah, kedengarannya lebih ketakutan daripada <b>berwibawa</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.3pt; text-indent: -33.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: Arya initiated the first attack, and within
the span of a second, Eragon found himself standing hunched over at an awkward
angle, her blade pressed against the left side of his neck, tugging <b>painfully</b> at his skin. (Paolini, 2011:
299).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.3pt; text-indent: -19.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Arya memulai serangan pertama, dan dalam waktu
sedetik saja, Eragon mendapati dirinya membungkuk dalam sudut canggung, bilah
pedang Arya menempel pada sisi kiri lehernya, menarik kulitnya sampai <b>pedih</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 253).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the first example, it is a class
shift which occurs here. The word <i>lordly</i>
in the source language is a member of adverbs and it is translated into <i>berwibawa</i> which is an adjective in the
target language. Based on that, we can see that the class shift happens from an
adverb in the source language into adjective in the target language. This shift
mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning
of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation is good because the source
language and the target language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> There is a class shift in example
number (2). The word <i>painfully</i> in the
source language belongs to an adverb and it is translated into <i>pedih </i>which is an adjective in the
target language. So, the class shift happens between adverb in the source
language and adjective in the target language. Like the previous example, this
shift mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context
meaning of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on
its translation, we can conclude that the translation is pretty good because
both languages carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2.2 Noun to Verb<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of class also occurs from
noun to verb in the translation of source language into target language. The
following examples will show us the preview of this shift.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The gold thread in their
tunics glittered as they stirred with <b>surprise</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 23).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Benang emas pada tunik mereka
berkilauan ketika mereka bergerak <b>terkejut</b>.
(Chusfani, 2012: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: While Blodhgarm labored over
Roran, Eragon picked up Brisingr, then stood guard with Arya at the entrance in
case any soldiers were so foolhardy as to launch an <b>attack</b>. (Paolini, 2011: 27).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: Sementara Bloghgarm mengurusi
Roran, Eragon memungut Brisingr, kemudian berdiri berjaga-jaga bersama Arya
pada pintu masuk kalau-kalau ada prajurit yang cukup dungu untuk <b>menyerang</b> mereka. (Chusfani, 2012: 42).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the first example, it is the
class shift that happens here. The word <i>surprise</i>
in the source language is a member of nouns and it is translated into <i>terkejut</i> which is a verb in the target
language. Based on that, we can see that the class shift happens from a noun in
the source language into verb in the target language. This shift mostly happens
because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning of the source
target and then decides to make the class shift. Seeing the translation, we can
state that the translation is good because the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to previous example, class
shift also occurs in the example number (2). The word <i>attack</i> in the source language belongs to a noun and it is
translated into <i>menyerang </i>which belongs
to a verb in the target language. The class shift happens between noun in the
source language and verb in the target language. As we can see before, this
shift mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context
meaning of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on
its translation, it can be stated that the translation is good because the same
meaning is carried by the source language and the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.2.3 Unit Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Unit shift is a change of rank,
departures from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a
unit at one rank in the source language is a unit at a different rank in the
target language. Unit shift as a change of rank may happen from word to phrase,
phrase to word or phrase to clause. Based on the data source, the analysis was
focused on the unit shift that occurs from word to phrase and vice versa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.3.1 Word to
Phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of unit may occur in the
translation from a source language word into a target language phrase. For a
clearer explanation, let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The rider tugged on the <b>reins</b> and angled his horse toward
Saphira, who began to rear onto her hind legs, in preparation for delivering a
terrible, killing blow with her right front paw. (Paolini, 2011: 8).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Si penunggang menarik <b>tali kekang</b> dan mengarahkan kudanya ke
Saphira, yang mulai berdiri di kaki belakangnya, bersiap untuk melakukan
hantaman mematikan menggunakan kaki kanan depannya. (Chusfani, 2012: 26).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: The dragon Saphira roared,
and the <b>soldiers</b> before her quailed.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sang naga Saphira meraung, dan <b>para prajurit</b> yang berada di hadapannya
mengerut. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: On the other side of the
mound lay a wide <b>courtyard</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Di sisi lain timbunan terdapat <b>pekarangan dalam</b> yang luas. (Chusfani,
2012: 21)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: With a cry, Eragon leaped
off the <b>rubble</b> toward the soldiers.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sambil berteriak, Eragon
melompat dari <b>gundukan puing</b> ke arah
para prajurit. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: Galbatorix is mad and
therefore <b>unpredictable</b>. (Paolini,
2011: 49).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Galbatorix gila, maka dia <b>tidak bisa ditebak</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 60)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example (1), the kind of shift that occurs in this example is unit shift. The
word <i>reins</i> in the source language has
a different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>tali kekang</i> which is ranked as a
noun phrase in the source language. So, the departure happens from a word to a
phrase. This happens because the word <i>reins</i>
in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by
a single word in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is the
noun phrase <i>tali kekang</i>. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation from the word <i>reins</i> into phrase <i>tali kekang</i> is good because there is no lost meaning in the result
although the word in the source language is represented as a phrase in the
target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (2), the kind of shift
that occurs here is unit shift. The word <i>soldiers</i>
in the source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>para
prajurit</i> which is ranked as a noun phrase in the source language. So, the
departure happens from a word to a noun phrase. This happens because the word <i>soldiers </i>in the source language cannot
be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word in the source
language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>para prajurit</i>. Based on its translation,
we can make a statement which says the translation from the word <i>soldiers</i> into phrase <i>para prajurit</i> is good because there is
no lost meaning in the result although the word in the source language is
represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
kind of shift that occurs in example number (3) is unit shift. The word <i>courtyard </i>in the source language has a
different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>pekarangan dalam</i> which is ranked
as a (noun) phrase in the source language. So, the departure happens from a
word to a noun phrase. This happens because the word <i>courtyard</i> in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word in the source language. So, the
nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>pekarangan
dalam</i>. About the quality of the translation, we can state that the
translation from the word <i>courtyard</i>
into phrase <i>pekarangan dalam</i> is good
because there is not lost meaning in the result although the word in the source
language is represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Example
number (4) shows us an example of unit shift. The word <i>rubble</i> in the source language has a different rank with its
translation in the source language. It is translated into <i>gundukan puing</i> which is ranked as a (noun) phrase in the source
language. So, the departure happens from a word to a noun phrase. This happens
because the word <i>rubble</i> in the source
language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word
in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>gundukan puing</i>. Based on its
translation, we can conclude that the translation from the word <i>rubble</i> into phrase <i>gundukan puing</i> is good because there is not lost meaning in the
result although the word in the source language is represented as a phrase in
the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the last example, it is a unit
shift that occurs here. The word <i>unpredictable</i>
in the source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>tidak
bisa ditebak </i>which is ranked as a adjective phrase in the source language.
So, the departure happens from a word to a phrase. Like the previous example,
this happens because the word <i>unpredictable</i>
in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by
a single word in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of that word is the
adjective phrase <i>tidak bisa ditebak</i>.
Based on its translation, we can conclude that the translation from the word <i>unpredictable</i> into phrase <i>tidak bisa ditebak</i> is pretty good
because there is no lost meaning in the result although the word in the source
language is represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.3.2 Phrase
to Word<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Beside the word to phrase shift, a
shift of unit may occur in the translation from a source language phrase into a
target language word too. For a clearer explanation, let us see the examples
below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The sound<b>
was stabbing</b>. (Paolini, 2011: 16).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Suara itu<b>
menusuk</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 33).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: Blodhgarm and his fellow
spellcasters can <b>conjure up</b> a
facsimile of Eragon, as they did before (Paolini, 2011: 354).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Blodhgarm dan rekan-rekan
perapal mantranya bisa <b>memunculkan</b>
tiruan Eragon, seperti yang pernah mereka lakukan. (Chusfani, 2012: 24).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: Once the arrows ceased,
Eragon transferred Brisingr to his left hand, <b>picked up</b> one of the soldiers’ spears, and heaved it at the archers
forty feet above. (Paolini, 2011: 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Begitu hujan anak panah
berhenti, Eragon memindahkan Brisingr ke tangan kirinya, <b>memungut</b> salah satu tombak prajurit, dan melontarkannya ke para
pemanah sekitar dua belas meter di atas. (Chusfani, 2012: 25).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: She <b>threw back</b> her spiky head and roared her triumph, drowning out the
clamor of the city with ferocity of her cry. (Paolini, 2011: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Ia <b>melontarkan</b> kepalanya yang bertanduk ke arah atas dan meraungkan
kemenangan, menenggelamkan keributan dalam kota dengan keganasan jeritannya.
(Chusfani, 2012: 26).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: Many were <b>hunched over</b>, as if expecting a blow;
others gaped at the front of the damaged keep. (Paolini, 2011: 19).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Banyak yang <b>merunduk</b>, seolah-olah menyangka bakal
ada ledakan; yang lain-lain ternganga menatap bagian depan benteng. (Chusfani,
2012: 35).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example (1), the kind of shift that occurs in that example is unit shift. The
noun phrase <i>was stabbing</i> in the
source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>menusuk </i>which
is ranked as a word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a
phrase to a word. It happens because the phrase <i>was stabbing</i> in the source language can be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>using a single word <i>menusuk</i> in the source language. Based on its translation, we can
state that the translation from the phrase <i>was
stabbing</i> into word <i>menusuk</i> is
good because there is not lost meaning in the result although the phrase in the
source language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the second example, it is a unit shift that occurs here. The verb phrase <i>conjure up </i>in the source language has a
different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>memunculkan</i> which is ranked as a
word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word.
Like the previous example, this shift happens because the phrase <i>conjure up </i>in the source language can be
represented using a single word <i>memunculkan</i>
in the source language. If we focus on its translation, we can state that the
translation from the phrase <i>conjure up</i>
into word <i>memunculkan</i> is good because
there is not lost meaning in the result, although the phrase in the source
language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (3), the kind of shift
that occurs in this example is unit shift. The verb phrase <i>picked up</i> in the source language has a different rank with its
translation in the source language. It is translated into <i>memungut</i> which is ranked as a word in the source language. So, the
departure happens from a phrase to a word. It happens because the phrase <i>pick up</i> in the source language can be
represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>using a single word <i>memungut</i> in the source language. About
the translation, we can state that the translation from the phrase <i>picked up</i> into word <i>memungut</i> is good because there is not lost meaning in the result,
and even the phrase in the source language is represented as a single word in
the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
kind of shift that occurs in example number (4) is unit shift. The verb phrase <i>threw back</i> in the source language has a different
rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated into <i>melontarkan</i> which is ranked as a word in
the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word. It
happens because a single word <i>melontarkan</i>
in the source language can represent the phrase <i>threw back</i> in the source language. Like the previous example, we
can state that the translation from the phrase <i>threw back</i> into word <i>melontarkan</i>
is good because there is no lost meaning in the result although the phrase in the
source language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
example number (5) shows us an example of unit shift. The verb phrase <i>hunched over</i> in the source language has
a different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>merunduk</i> which is ranked as a
word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word.
It happens because a single word <i>merunduk</i>
in the source language can represent the phrase <i>hunched over</i> in the source language. Based on its translation, we
can conclude that the translation from the phrase <i>hunched over</i> into word <i>merunduk</i>
is good because there is no lost meaning in the result although the phrase in
the source language is actually represented as a single word in the target
language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.4
Intra-system Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Intra-system
shift is the shift that occurs internally, within a system: that is, for those
cases where source language and target language possess systems which
approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when
translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the target
language system (Catford, 1965: 80). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The men shuffled backward,
although they kept their <b>spears</b> and <b>pikes</b> trained on the ragged hole
Saphira had torn in the castle’s outer wall. (Paolini, 2011: 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Lelaki-lelaki itu mundur, meski
mereka membiarkan <b>tombak</b> dan <b>seligi</b> terpancang pada lubang kasar
yang dibuat Saphira pada tembok luar kastel. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: A directionless blue light <b>illuminated</b> the space. (Paolini, 2011:
25).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Cahaya biru <b>menerangi</b> ruangan. (Chusfani, 2012: 39).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: Grimrr<b>’s</b> chest swelled, and his expression became, if possible, even more
self-satisfied. (Paolini, 2011: 39).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dada Grimrr menggembung, dan
ekspressinya, jika mungkin, menjadi lebih pongah lagi. (Chusfani, 2012: 52).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: He motioned toward the
entrance <b>of</b> the tent. (Paolini,
2011: 55).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Ia menunjuk pintu tenda.
(Chusfani, 2012: 65).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: <b>He</b> wants us to bring you to him. (Paolini, 2011: 492).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Dia</b> ingin kita membawamu kepadanya. (Chusfani, 2012: 403).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> As we can see, intra-system shift
occurs in the first example, the words <i>spears</i>
and <i>pikes</i> in the source language are
categorized as plural nouns. But, they are translated into words <i>tombak</i> and <i>seligi</i> which are categorized as singular nouns in the target
language. It happens because English language constantly requires a clear form
of written or spoken plural nouns, but Indonesian language does not do that. In
Indonesian, the use of singular noun is generally used to refer something in
common or plural nouns. Based on its translation, the translations of the words
<i>spears</i> and <i>pikes</i> into <i>tombak</i> and <i>seligi</i> are good because both source
language text and target language text have or carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example number (2), it is an intra-system shift that occurs here. The word <i>illuminated</i> in the source language is in
a past form. But, it is translated into the word <i>menerangi</i> which does not have past form in the target language. It
happens because English has many forms of verb used in tenses, but Indonesian
does not have them. Because both source language text and target language text
have or carry the same meaning, it can be said that the translation of the word
<i>illiminated</i> into <i>menerangi</i> is good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the translation shifts, example number (3) shows intra-system shift. The possessive
marker <i>‘s</i> in the source language is untranslated
in the target language. It happens because English language constantly requires
a certain marker of possessive, but Indonesian language does not do that. In
Indonesian, the structure of <i>dada+ Grimrr</i>
is enough to show that <i>dada</i> belongs
to <i>Grimrr</i>. Seen from the translation,
it can be stated that the translation between the source language and the
target language is good because both of them have or carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Intra-system
shift also occurs in the example (4). The preposition <i>of</i> in the source language is used to show possessive; in this case,
<i>the entrance</i> belongs to <i>the tent</i>. But, it is omitted in the
target language. It happens because Indonesian language does not certainly require
prepositions in showing possessive like English does. In Indonesian, the
structure of <i>pintu+ tenda</i> is enough
to show that <i>pintu</i> belongs to <i>tenda</i>. Based on the translation, it can
be said that the translation between the source language and the target
language is good because they carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example number (5), there is an intra-system shift. The word <i>he</i> in the source language shows that the
gender of this pronoun is male. But, it is translated into the word <i>dia</i> which does not show its gender in
the target language. It happens because the third person <i>dia</i> in Indonesian language may represent both genders, male and
female. The translation between the source language and the target language is
good because both of them carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CHAPTER IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.1 Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: times new roman, serif;">XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.2 Suggestion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> To know and comprehend more about
translation shifts, we have to do more researches. They are very interesting to
analyze because we can find them easily in daily life. By finishing the
researches, it can be explained in detail about the kinds, the cases, or the
reason of how do they occur in the translation. So, I suggest the students to
continue the researches about translation shifts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> For the students, it is important
for us to stop wasting the time in learning English. We must be able to speak
English very well. That is why as students, we should study hard to get our
purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BIBLIOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Catford,
J.C. 1965. <i>A Linguistic Theory of
Translation</i>. London: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Erhans
A. 2007. <i>Penguasaan Tata Bahasa – Bahasa
Inggris: English Grammar</i>. Surabaya: Penerbit Indah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hornby,
A. S. 1995. <i>Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Larson,
Mildred. L. 1984. <i>Meaning-Based
Translation</i>. New York: University Press of America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Margono.
1999. <i>Essentials of Theory and Practice
of Translation</i>. Denpasar: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Polini,
Christopher. 2011. <i>Inheritance</i>. New
York: Laurel-Leaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Paolini,
Christopher. 2012. <i>Inheritance – Warisan</i>.
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Quirk,
Randolph and Greenbaum, S. 1973. <i>A
University Grammar of English</i>. London: Longman Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: -34.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sneddon,
James Neil. 1996. Indonesian Reference Grammar. St. Leonards: Allen & Unwin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8161808347742267497.post-62135270042516047132013-11-03T09:23:00.001-08:002013-11-03T09:23:23.470-08:00Contoh Analisa Skripsi Bab 3 - Sastra Inggris<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CHAPTER
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ANALYSIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">What
has been explained in chapter two is about translation and translation shifts;
now in this chapter it will be described about the analysis of translation
shifts that were found in the data source and how do they occur. The data were
taken from an English novel entitled <i>Inheritance</i>
(2011) written by Christopher Paolini and the Indonesian version of the novel
entitled <i>Inheritance - Warisan</i>
(2012). It was translated by Poppy D. Chusfany. The analysis of translation
shifts that were found in the novels are described in the following sub
chapters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1 Level Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">By
shift of level we mean that a source language item at one linguistic level has
a target language translation equivalent at a different level. The shift is
usually about one level of structure in the source language and translated with
lexicon or word in the target language. Two types of level shift were found in
the data source, they were Past Continuous marker (<i>was/were + -ing</i>) shifted into <i>sedang</i>
and Past Perfect marker (<i>had + Past
Participle marker</i>) shifted into <i>sudah/telah</i>.<span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1.1
Past Continuous Marker (<i>was/were + -ing</i>)
Shifted into <i>sedang</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on the data
source of this paper, the shifts of level which show Past Continuous marker (<i>was/were + -ing</i>) shifted into <i>sedang</i> in the translation were found.
For a clear analysis, let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: He and Saphira were in the
courtyard of the castle, away from the men who <b>were</b> labor<b>ing</b> to clear
it- pilling stones and bodies alike into carts – and from the people streaming
in and out of the damaged building, many of whom had been present at Nasuada’s
audience with King Halfpaw and were now leaving to attend to other duties. (Paolini,
2011: 43).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Ia dan saphira berada di pekarangan kastel, menjauh dari para pejuang yang <b>sedang</b> bekerja membersihkan tempat itu
– menumpuk bebatuan dan mayat-mayat ke gerobak – dan dari orang-orang yang
mengalir keluar-masuk bangunan yang rusak, banyak diantara mereka yang tadi
hadir ketika Nasuada bicara dengan Raja Halfpaw dan sekarang pergi untuk
melakukan tugas lain. (Chusfani, 2012: 55).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2)
SL: He <b>was</b> in the middle of wring<b>ing</b> out the last item, and his freshly
poured tea was waiting for him next to Katrina, when someone shouted their
names from across the busy way. (Paolini, 2011: 66).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Ia <b>sedang</b> memeras kain terakhir, dan
tehnya yang baru dituang menunggunya di sebelah Katrina, ketika seseorang
meneriakkan nama mereka dari seberang jalan yang ramai. (Chusfani, 2012: 74).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3)
SL: With a faint sense of surprise, he realized that Nasuada <b>was</b> call<b>ing</b> his name. (Paolini, 2011: 274).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dengan sedikit terkejut, Roran tersadar Nasuada
<b>sedang</b> memanggil-manggil namanya.
(Chusfani, 2012: 233).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4)
SL: Eragon locked eyes with Arya and
found within them a combination of determination and defensiveness, as if she <b>was</b> challeng<b>ing</b> him to attempt to pry open her secrets, but she was also afraid
of what would happen if he did. (Paolini, 2011: 314).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Eragon berpandangan dengan Arya, dan Eragon melihat kombinasi tekad serta sorot
defensive dalam matanya, seakan-akan elf itu <b>sedang</b> menantangnya untuk mencoba memeras rahasia dari dalam
dirinya, tapi juga takut tentang apa yang bakal terjadi jika Eragon mampu
melakukannya. (Chusfani, 2012: 264).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> 5) SL: The werecat, he was puzzled to see, <b>was</b> watch<b>ing</b> him with ice-blue eyes. (Paolini, 2011: 509).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -19.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dengan bingung Eragon melihat
si werecat <b>sedang</b> memperhatikan-nya
dengan mata biru sedingin es. (Chusfani, 2012: 417).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It
can be stated that level shift occurs in example number (1). The structure of <i>were + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. In this case, the level shift happens from grammar to lexis.
This shift happens because in English, to express a progress or ongoing
activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous
Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>.
<i>The men who were laboring</i> <i>to clear it</i> means the activity of <i>laboring</i> by the subject <i>the men</i> was in progress or ongoing. Meanwhile
in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is true that between the source language and target
language there is level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation
is good because both the source language and the target language carry the same
meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
level shift also occurs in the example number (2). The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. In this example, the level shift happens from grammar to
lexis. This shift of level occurs because in English, <i>was/were + -ing</i> is used to express a progress or ongoing activity
in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>). <i>He was in the middle of wringing</i> means
the activity of <i>wringing</i> by the
subject <i>he</i> was in progress or
ongoing. In Indonesian, there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>.
So, it is right that between the source language and target language there is
level shift. In this example, because both the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning, it can be said that the quality of the
translation is pretty good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">There
is a level shift in the example number (3). The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. So, it means the level shift happens from grammar to lexis.
This shift occurs because in English, <i>was/were
+ -ing</i> can be used to express a progress or ongoing activity in the past
(past continuous tense). <i>Nasuada was
calling his name</i> means the activity of <i>calling</i>
by the subject <i>Nasuada</i> was in
progress or ongoing. There is not specific form to express such activity in Indonesian.
In Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is right that between the source language and target
language there is level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation
is pretty good because both the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the example number (4), there is a level shift. The structure of <i>was + -ing</i> in the source language is
translated into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the
target language. It can be said that the
level shift happens from grammar to lexis. It happens because in English, to
express a progress or ongoing activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>. <i>She was
challenging him</i> means the activity of <i>challenging</i>
by the subject <i>she</i> was in progress or
ongoing. Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such
activity. In Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>. So, it is true that between the
source language and target language there is level shift. In this example, the
quality of the translation is good because the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
shift of level occurs in the example number (5). The structure of <i>was+ -ing</i> in the source language is translated
into lexis <i>sedang</i> in the target
language. It means the level shift
happens from grammar to lexis. This shift happens because in English, to
express a progress or ongoing activity in the past (<i>Past Continuous Tense</i>) is expressed by <i>was/were + -ing</i>. <i>The werecat,
he was puzzled to see, was watching him with ice-blue eyes</i> means the
activity of <i>watching</i> by the subject <i>werecat </i>was in progress or ongoing.
Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express such activity. In
Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>sedang</i>.
So, it is true that between the source language and target language there is
level shift. In this example, the quality of the translation is good because
both the source language and the target language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.1.2
Past Perfect Marker (had + Past Participle marker) shifted into <i>sudah/telah<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on the data
source of this paper, the shifts of level which show Past Perfect marker (<i>had + Past Participle marker</i>) shifted
into <i>sudah/telah</i> in the translation
were found. Let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1)
SL: Though Eragon <b>had eaten</b> and then
rested for perhaps an hour, his weariness had not entirely abated. (Paolini,
2011: 51).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Meski Eragon <b>sudah</b> makan dan
beristirahat selama kira-kira satu jam, keletihannya belum benar-benar sirna.
(Chusfani, 2012: 61).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2)
SL: Someone <b>had shot</b> at him with a
crossbow from the roof of a building. (Paolini, 2011: 57).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Seseorang <b>telah</b> memanahnya dengan
busur silang dari atap sebuah bangunan. (Chusfani, 2012: 67).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3)
SL: He <b>had traded</b> his armor of earlier for a thick red tunic and a robe
trimmed with white ermine. (Paolini, 2011: 71).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Sebelumnya ia <b>telah</b> berganti pakaian
dari baju zirah ke tunik merah dan jubah bertepi bulu cerpelai putih.
(Chusfani, 2012: 77).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4)
SL: Night <b>had fallen</b>, and the only light in the lavish bedchamber came from
the two candles on the desk and the small fire glowing on the hearth by the
empty four-poster bed. (Paolini, 2011: 270).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Malam <b>sudah</b> turun, dan satu-satunya cahaya dalam kamar tidur mewah itu
dating dari dua batang lilin pada meja dan api kecil yang berpendar dari
perapian dekat ranjang yang bertiang empat yang kosong. (Chusfani, 2012: 230).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5)
SL: “If ever I get the chance, I’ll kill
you for this,” Tharos <b>had said</b>. (Paolini,
2011: 274).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: “Kalau punya kesempatan, aku akan
membunuhmu,” Tharos <b>telah</b> berkata. (Chusfani,
2012: 233).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">There
is a level shift in example number (1). The structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> in the source language is translated
into lexis <i>sudah</i> in the target
language. The level shift occurs from grammar to lexis. It happens because in
English, to express <i>Past Perfect Pense</i>
or the activity that happened before a particular time in the past, the pattern
of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> is
used. <i>Eragon had eaten </i>means the
activity of <i>eating</i> by the subject <i>Eragon</i> occurred in the past up to the
present time. Meanwhile in Indonesian there is not specific form to express
such activity. In Indonesian, such activity is expressed by word such as <i>sudah</i>. So, between the source language
and target language there is a level shift. The quality of the translation in
this example is good because both the source language and the target language
carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the translation shift, example number (2) shows a level shift. The
structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>
in the source language is translated into lexis <i>telah</i> in the target language. So, the shift of level happens from
grammar to lexis. It occurs because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that happened before a
particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Someone
had shot at him </i>shows that the activity of <i>shooting</i> by the subject <i>someone</i>
occurred in the past up to the present time. In Indonesian, there is not
specific form to express such activity. In Indonesian, it is expressed by word
such as <i>telah</i>. So, it is right that
between the source language and target language there is a level shift. Seen
from the translation, both the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning. So, it can be said that the quality of the translation is
pretty good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Shift of level also
occurs in the example (3), the structure of <i>had
+ Past Participle marker</i> in the source language is translated into lexis <i>telah </i>in the target language. This level
shift also happens from grammar to lexis. The reason is similar; it occurs
because in English, the pattern of <i>had +
Past Participle marker</i> can be used to express the <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that happened before a
particular time in the past. <i>He had
traded his armor </i>means the activity of <i>trading</i>
by the subject <i>he</i> occurred in the
past up to the present time. Meanwhile Indonesian does not have specific form
to express such activity. It is expressed by word such as <i>telah</i> in Indonesian. So, it is true that between the source
language and target language there is level shift. The quality of the
translation in this example is also good because the source language and the
target language carry the same meaning.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seeing
the example number (4), it can be stated that there is a shift of level. The
structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>
in the source language is translated into lexis <i>sudah</i> in the target language. It means the shift of level happens
from grammar to lexis. It occurs because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that
happened before a particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Night had fallen </i>means the activity of <i>falling</i> by the subject <i>night</i> occurred in the past up to the
present<span style="color: #c00000;"> </span>time. In Indonesian, there is not
specific form to express such activity. In Indonesian, this activity is
expressed by word such as <i>sudah</i>. So,
it is correct that between the source language and target language there is a
level shift. In this example, the source language and the target language carry
the same meaning. So, it can be stated that the quality of the translation is
good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
shift of level occurs in the example number (5). The structure of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i> in the
source language is translated into lexis <i>telah</i>
in the target language. It means the level shift occurs from grammar to lexis.
This shift happens because in English, to express <i>Past Perfect Tense</i> or the activity that happened before a
particular time in the past, it uses the pattern of <i>had + Past Participle marker</i>. <i>Tharos
had said </i>means the activity <i>saying</i>
by the subject <i>tharos</i> occurred in the
past up to the present time. In Indonesian, there is not specific form to
express such activity. In Indonesian, it is expressed by word such as <i>telah</i>. So, it is true that between the source
language and target language there is level shift. In this example, the quality
of the translation is good because both the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2 Category Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Beside the level shift, we also have
category shifts. Category shifts are departures from formal correspondence in
translation. There are four types of category shifts; they are structure shift,
class shift, unit shift and intra-system shift. Usually, they are found in the
translation results from English to Indonesian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1 Structure Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Structure shifts are the shifts that
happen when the source language structure and target language structure are
different. These shifts usually occur in the level of phrase, clause, and
sentence. For a clearer discussion, let us see the following analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1.1 Structure
Shifts in Phrase Level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Based
on the data source of this paper, the shifts of structure that occur in the
level of phrase were found. For a clear analysis, let us see the examples
below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">SL:
<b><u>The blue sword</u></b> flashed bright
and iridescent, stark against the wall of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 63.8pt 85.5pt 112.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> M M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">black clouds building in the west.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TL:
<b><u>Pedang biru itu</u></b> berkilat
terang dan memancarkan cahaya berwarna-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> H M M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">warni,
tampak mencolok dilatarbelakangi awan hitam yang bergulung-gulung di barat.
(Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL:
The blue sword flashed bright and iridescent, stark against the wall of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">black
clouds</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
building in the west. (Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Pedang biru itu berkilat terang dan memancarkan
cahaya berwarna-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">warni, tampak
mencolok dilatarbelakangi <b><u>awan hitam</u></b>
yang bergulung-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> H M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">gulung
di barat. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3) SL: <b><u>A
faint golden glow</u></b> filled the tent as he lifted the lid of the chest. M M M H
(Paolini,
2011: 52).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TL<b>: <u>Pendar cahaya keemasan samar</u> </b>memenuhi
tenda ketika Eragon <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">M H M M
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mengangkat
tutup peti. (Chusfani, 2012: 62).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4) SL: <b><u>The
dim gray light</u></b> from the cloudy sky fell upon him as Arya M M M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">pushed aside the entrance flap.
(Paolini, 2011: 53).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TL:
<b><u>Cahaya kelabu suram</u></b> dari
langit berawan menerpa Eragon ketika <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">H M M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">arya
menyibakkan pintu tenda sampai terbuka. (Chusfani,
2012: 63).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5) SL: <b><u>Our
trap</u></b> has sprung shut around him. (Paolini, 2011: 82).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 70.9pt 94.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> M H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TL<b>: <u>Jebakan kita</u></b> menjeratnya.
(Chusfani, 2012: 86). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">H M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 63.0pt 103.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> The examples above show us that the
target language has different phrase structure from the target language. In
example number (1), there is a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>the blue sword</i> which is composed by pre-modifier
<i>the, </i>pre-modifier <i>blue</i> and head <i>sword</i> is translated into <i>pedang
biru itu</i> in Indonesian. The phrase <i>pedang
biru itu</i> is formed by the head <i>pedang</i>,
post-modifier <i>biru</i> and post-modifier <i>itu</i>. Considering the different structure
between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target
language, it can be stated that there is structure shift in phrase level. It
happens because the basic structure of the source language noun phrase is the
inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. The structure of English
noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier - pre
modifier - head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier - post modifier</i>.
Based on its translation, we can conclude that the translation from the phrase <i>the blue sword</i> into <i>pedang biru itu</i> is good because there is not lost meaning on the
result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to the first example, in
example number (2) there is also a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>black clouds</i> in the source language
consists of pre modifier <i>black</i> and
head <i>clouds</i>. It is translated into a
different phrase structure, that is <i>awan
hitam</i>. The noun phrase in the target language consists of head <i>awan</i> and post modifier <i>hitam</i>. Considering the different
structure between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the
target language, it can be concluded that there is structure shift in phrase
level. It also happens because the basic noun phrase structure of the source language
is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. In this case, the
structure of English noun phrase above is <i>pre
modifier - head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier</i>. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation from the phrase <i>black clouds</i> into <i>awan hitam</i> is pretty good because there is not lost meaning on the
result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the example number (3), there is
a structure shift. The noun phrase structure <i>a faint golden glow</i> in the source language is composed by pre modifier
<i>a</i>, pre modifier <i>faint</i>, pre modifier <i>golden</i>
and head <i>glow</i>. The target language
has a different phrase structure, that is <i>pendar
cahaya keemasan samar</i>. It is composed by the pre modifier <i>pendar</i>, head <i>cahaya</i>, post modifier <i>keemasan</i>
and post modifier <i>samar</i>. It can be
stated that there is structure shift in phrase level because the basic structure
between the phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target language
is different. The inversion between the source and the target language noun
phrase still causes this shift to occur. As we know that the structure of
English noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier
– pre modifier – pre modifier – head</i> meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase
structure is <i>pre modifier – head – post
modifier – post modifier</i>. Based on its translation, we can conclude that
the translation from the phrase <i>a faint
golden glow</i> into <i>pendar cahaya
keemasan samar</i> is good because there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of structure also happens in
the fourth example. The noun phrase structure <i>the dim gray light</i> in the source language consists of pre modifier <i>the</i>, pre modifier <i>dim</i>, pre modifier <i>gray</i> and
head <i>light</i>. The target language has a
different phrase structure, that is <i>cahaya
kelabu suram</i>. The head is filled by <i>cahaya</i>
and the post modifiers are filled by <i>kelabu
</i>and<i> suram</i>. It can be concluded
that there is structure shift in phrase level because the structure between the
phrase of the source language and the phrase of the target language is
different. This happens because the noun basic phrase structure of the source
language is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. English
noun phrase above is <i>pre modifier - pre
modifier - pre modifier</i> <i>- head</i> meanwhile
Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head
- post modifier - post modifier</i>. Based on its translation, we can make a
statement that the translation from the phrase <i>the dim gray light</i> into <i>cahaya
kelabu suram</i> is adequate because there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Example number (5) shows us that
there is a level shift. The noun phrase structure <i>our trap</i> in the source language consists of pre modifier <i>our</i> and head <i>trap</i>. It is translated into <i>jebakan
kita</i>, which has a different phrase structure. The phrase in the target
language consists of the head <i>jebakan</i>
and post modifier <i>kita</i>. Considering
the different structure between the phrase of the source language and the
phrase of the target language, it can be stated that there is structure shift
in phrase level. This happens because the noun phrase structure of the source
language above is the inverse of the target language noun phrase structure. English
noun phrase is <i>pre modifier - head</i>
meanwhile Indonesian noun phrase structure is <i>head - post modifier</i>. Seeing this translation, we can state that
the translation from the phrase <i>our trap </i>into
<i>jebakan kita</i> is adequate because
there is not lost meaning on the result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.1.2 Structure
Shifts in Sentence Level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beside
the structure shifts in phrase level, the structure shifts that occur in the
level of sentence were found too. Based on the data source, there were shifts
of structure in sentence level; they were from SVC into S+C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <u>Eragon’s shout</u> <u>was</u> <u>so
loud</u> (Paolini, 2011: 19).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 4.0cm 163.05pt 191.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Teriakan Eragon</u> <u>begitu keras</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 35).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 6.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <u>His voice</u> <u>was</u> <u>deep</u>
(Paolini, 2011: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 134.7pt 155.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 177.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Suaranya</u> <u>dalam</u> (Chusfani,
2012: 51).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 5.0cm 10.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <u>Galbatorix</u> <u>is</u> <u>mad</u>
(Paolini, 2011: 49).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 127.6pt 148.85pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Galbatorix</u> <u>gila</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 60).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 92.15pt 5.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <u>The scars</u> <u>were</u> <u>asymmetrical</u>
(Paolini, 2011: 69).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 99.25pt 134.7pt 177.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Luka-luka goresan itu</u> <u>tidak simetris</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 76).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 120.5pt 212.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: <u>They</u> <u>were</u> <u>too quiet</u>
(Paolini, 2011: 265).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 3.0cm 4.0cm 148.85pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S V C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
<u>Mereka</u> <u>terlalu tenang</u> (Chusfani, 2012: 226).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 99.25pt 5.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> S C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Structure shift in sentence level
occurs in example number (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5). The sentence structure of
the source language in example number (1) is SVC and the sentence structure of
the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>Eragon’s shout</i> as subject, <i>was</i> as verb, and <i>so loud</i> as complement. In the target language, <i>teriakan Eragon</i> becomes the subject, and <i>begitu keras</i> as the complement. The sentence element verb <i>was</i> in the source language is
untranslated in the target language. English sentence structure SVC can be
translated into S+C in Indonesian because a subject can be directly followed by
complement in Indonesian. <i>Teriakan Eragon
begitu keras</i> actually comes from <i>teriakan
Eragon adalah begitu keras</i> with the structure of <i>teriakan Eragon</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i>
as verb, and <i>begitu keras</i> as
complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i>
can be removed in Indonesian. Based on its translation, we can conclude that
the translation from the source language sentence into target language sentence
is good because it is only simplified and there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (2), the sentence
structure of the source language is SVC and the sentence structure of the
target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>his voice</i> as subject, <i>was</i> as verb, and <i>deep</i> as complement. In the target language, <i>suaranya</i> is the subject, and <i>dalam</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>was</i> in the source language seems untranslated in the target language.
English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in Indonesian because
a subject can be directly followed by complement in Indonesian. <i>Suaranya dalam</i> actually comes from <i>Suaranya adalah dalam</i> with the structure
of <i>suaranya</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>dalam </i>as complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in Indonesian. Seen from the translation
quality, we can conclude that the sentence translation from the source language
into target language is adequate because it is only simplified and there is not
lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Shift of structure also occurs in
the third example, the sentence structure of the source language is SVC and the
sentence structure of the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source
language consists of <i>Galbatorix</i> as
subject, <i>is</i> as verb, and <i>mad</i> as complement. In the target
language, <i>Galbatorix</i> is the subject,
and <i>gila</i> becomes the complement. The
sentence element verb <i>is</i> in the
source language does not exist when it is translated into target language. It occurs
that English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in Indonesian
because a subject can be directly followed by complement in Indonesian. <i>Galbatorix gila</i> actually comes from <i>Galbatorix adalah gila</i> with the
structure of <i>Galbatorix</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>gila </i>as complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in Indonesian. Seen from its translation, we
can make a conclusion that the translation from the source language sentence
into target language sentence is adequately because there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to the previous example, the
sentence structure of the source language in example (4) is SVC and the
sentence structure of the target language is S+C. The sentence of the source
language consists of <i>the scars</i> as
subject, <i>were</i> as verb, and <i>asymmetrical</i> as complement. In the
target language, <i>luka-luka goresan itu</i>
is the subject, and <i>tidak simetris</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>were</i> in the source language is untranslated in the target language.
English sentence structure SVC can be translated into S+C in Indonesian because
a subject can be directly followed by complement in Indonesian. <i>Luka-luka goresan itu tidak simetris</i>
actually comes from <i>Luka-luka goresan itu
adalah tidak simetris</i> with the structure of <i>luka-luka goresan itu</i> as subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>tidak
simetris </i>as complement. In this case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted in Indonesian. Seeing this condition, we can
make a statement that the translation from the source language sentence into
target language sentence is adequate because its structure is simplified and
there is not lost meaning that occurs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In the last example, the sentence
structure of the source language is SVC and the sentence structure of the
target language is S+C. The sentence of the source language consists of <i>they</i> as subject, <i>were</i> as verb, and <i>too quiet</i>
as complement. In the target language, <i>mereka</i>
is the subject, and <i>terlalu tenang</i>
becomes the complement. The sentence element verb <i>were</i> in the source language seems untranslated into the target
language. In Indonesian, the subject of the sentence can be directly followed
by complement. <i>Mereka terlalu tenang </i>actually
comes from <i>mereka adalah terlalu tenang</i>
with the structure of <i>mereka </i>as
subject, <i>adalah</i> as verb, and <i>terlalu tenang</i> as complement. In this
case the verb <i>adalah</i> can be omitted
in Indonesian. Based on this translation, it can be stated that the translation
from the source language sentence into target language sentence is good because
there is not lost meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2 Class Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Class shift means a shift of a class
in the source language into a different class in the target language. We can
see the class shifts that were found in the data source in the following
examples. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2.1 Adverb to Adjective<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of class may occur from
adverb to adjective in the translation of source language into target language.
The following examples will show us the preview of this shift.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: “Kill him!” the robed man
ordered, sounding more frightened than <b>lordly</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 23).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: “Bunuh dia!” lelaki berjubah tadi
memerintah, kedengarannya lebih ketakutan daripada <b>berwibawa</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.3pt; text-indent: -33.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2)
SL: Arya initiated the first attack, and within the span of a second, Eragon
found himself standing hunched over at an awkward angle, her blade pressed
against the left side of his neck, tugging <b>painfully</b>
at his skin. (Paolini, 2011: 299).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.3pt; text-indent: -19.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Arya memulai serangan pertama, dan dalam waktu sedetik saja, Eragon mendapati
dirinya membungkuk dalam sudut canggung, bilah pedang Arya menempel pada sisi
kiri lehernya, menarik kulitnya sampai <b>pedih</b>.
(Chusfani, 2012: 253).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the first example, it is a class
shift which occurs here. The word <i>lordly</i>
in the source language is a member of adverbs and it is translated into <i>berwibawa</i> which is an adjective in the
target language. Based on that, we can see that the class shift happens from an
adverb in the source language into adjective in the target language. This shift
mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning
of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation is good because the source
language and the target language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> There is a class shift in example
number (2). The word <i>painfully</i> in the
source language belongs to an adverb and it is translated into <i>pedih </i>which is an adjective in the
target language. So, the class shift happens between adverb in the source
language and adjective in the target language. Like the previous example, this
shift mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning
of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on its
translation, we can conclude that the translation is pretty good because both
languages carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.2.2 Noun to Verb<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of class also occurs from
noun to verb in the translation of source language into target language. The
following examples will show us the preview of this shift.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The gold thread in their tunics
glittered as they stirred with <b>surprise</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 23).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Benang emas pada tunik mereka
berkilauan ketika mereka bergerak <b>terkejut</b>.
(Chusfani, 2012: 38).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: While Blodhgarm labored over
Roran, Eragon picked up Brisingr, then stood guard with Arya at the entrance in
case any soldiers were so foolhardy as to launch an <b>attack</b>. (Paolini, 2011: 27).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SL: Sementara Bloghgarm mengurusi Roran,
Eragon memungut Brisingr, kemudian berdiri berjaga-jaga bersama Arya pada pintu
masuk kalau-kalau ada prajurit yang cukup dungu untuk <b>menyerang</b> mereka. (Chusfani, 2012: 42).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the first example, it is the
class shift that happens here. The word <i>surprise</i>
in the source language is a member of nouns and it is translated into <i>terkejut</i> which is a verb in the target
language. Based on that, we can see that the class shift happens from a noun in
the source language into verb in the target language. This shift mostly happens
because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning of the source
target and then decides to make the class shift. Seeing the translation, we can
state that the translation is good because the source language and the target
language carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Similar to previous example, class
shift also occurs in the example number (2). The word <i>attack</i> in the source language belongs to a noun and it is
translated into <i>menyerang </i>which belongs
to a verb in the target language. The class shift happens between noun in the
source language and verb in the target language. As we can see before, this
shift mostly happens because the translator does not want to lose the context meaning
of the source target and then decides to make the class shift. Based on its
translation, it can be stated that the translation is good because the same
meaning is carried by the source language and the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.2.3 Unit Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Unit shift is a change of rank,
departures from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a
unit at one rank in the source language is a unit at a different rank in the
target language. Unit shift as a change of rank may happen from word to phrase,
phrase to word or phrase to clause. Based on the data source, the analysis was
focused on the unit shift that occurs from word to phrase and vice versa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.3.1 Word to Phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> A shift of unit may occur in the
translation from a source language word into a target language phrase. For a
clearer explanation, let us see the examples below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The rider tugged on the <b>reins</b> and angled his horse toward
Saphira, who began to rear onto her hind legs, in preparation for delivering a
terrible, killing blow with her right front paw. (Paolini, 2011: 8).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Si penunggang menarik <b>tali kekang</b> dan mengarahkan kudanya ke
Saphira, yang mulai berdiri di kaki belakangnya, bersiap untuk melakukan
hantaman mematikan menggunakan kaki kanan depannya. (Chusfani, 2012: 26).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: The dragon Saphira roared, and
the <b>soldiers</b> before her quailed.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sang naga Saphira meraung, dan <b>para prajurit</b> yang berada di hadapannya
mengerut. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: On the other side of the mound
lay a wide <b>courtyard</b>. (Paolini,
2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Di sisi lain timbunan terdapat <b>pekarangan dalam</b> yang luas. (Chusfani,
2012: 21)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: With a cry, Eragon leaped off the
<b>rubble</b> toward the soldiers.
(Paolini, 2011: 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Sambil berteriak, Eragon melompat
dari <b>gundukan puing</b> ke arah para
prajurit. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: Galbatorix is mad and therefore <b>unpredictable</b>. (Paolini, 2011: 49).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Galbatorix gila, maka dia <b>tidak bisa ditebak</b>. (Chusfani, 2012: 60)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example (1), the kind of shift that occurs in this example is unit shift. The
word <i>reins</i> in the source language has
a different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>tali kekang</i> which is ranked as a
noun phrase in the source language. So, the departure happens from a word to a phrase.
This happens because the word <i>reins</i>
in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by
a single word in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is the
noun phrase <i>tali kekang</i>. Based on its
translation, we can state that the translation from the word <i>reins</i> into phrase <i>tali kekang</i> is good because there is no lost meaning in the result
although the word in the source language is represented as a phrase in the
target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (2), the kind of shift
that occurs here is unit shift. The word <i>soldiers</i>
in the source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>para
prajurit</i> which is ranked as a noun phrase in the source language. So, the
departure happens from a word to a noun phrase. This happens because the word <i>soldiers </i>in the source language cannot
be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word in the source
language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>para prajurit</i>. Based on its translation,
we can make a statement which says the translation from the word <i>soldiers</i> into phrase <i>para prajurit</i> is good because there is
no lost meaning in the result although the word in the source language is
represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
kind of shift that occurs in example number (3) is unit shift. The word <i>courtyard </i>in the source language has a
different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>pekarangan dalam</i> which is ranked
as a (noun) phrase in the source language. So, the departure happens from a
word to a noun phrase. This happens because the word <i>courtyard</i> in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word in the source language. So, the
nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>pekarangan
dalam</i>. About the quality of the translation, we can state that the
translation from the word <i>courtyard</i>
into phrase <i>pekarangan dalam</i> is good
because there is not lost meaning in the result although the word in the source
language is represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Example
number (4) shows us an example of unit shift. The word <i>rubble</i> in the source language has a different rank with its
translation in the source language. It is translated into <i>gundukan puing</i> which is ranked as a (noun) phrase in the source
language. So, the departure happens from a word to a noun phrase. This happens
because the word <i>rubble</i> in the source
language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by a single word
in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of the word is noun phrase <i>gundukan puing</i>. Based on its
translation, we can conclude that the translation from the word <i>rubble</i> into phrase <i>gundukan puing</i> is good because there is not lost meaning in the
result although the word in the source language is represented as a phrase in
the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the last example, it is a unit
shift that occurs here. The word <i>unpredictable</i>
in the source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>tidak
bisa ditebak </i>which is ranked as a adjective phrase in the source language.
So, the departure happens from a word to a phrase. Like the previous example,
this happens because the word <i>unpredictable</i>
in the source language cannot be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>by
a single word in the source language. So, the nearest meaning of that word is the
adjective phrase <i>tidak bisa ditebak</i>.
Based on its translation, we can conclude that the translation from the word <i>unpredictable</i> into phrase <i>tidak bisa ditebak</i> is pretty good
because there is no lost meaning in the result although the word in the source
language is represented as a phrase in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.3.2 Phrase to Word<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Beside the word to phrase shift, a
shift of unit may occur in the translation from a source language phrase into a
target language word too. For a clearer explanation, let us see the examples
below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1)
SL: The sound<b> was stabbing</b>.
(Paolini, 2011: 16).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL:
Suara itu<b> menusuk</b>. (Chusfani, 2012:
33).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: Blodhgarm and his fellow
spellcasters can <b>conjure up</b> a
facsimile of Eragon, as they did before (Paolini, 2011: 354).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Blodhgarm dan rekan-rekan perapal
mantranya bisa <b>memunculkan</b> tiruan
Eragon, seperti yang pernah mereka lakukan. (Chusfani, 2012: 24).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: Once the arrows ceased, Eragon
transferred Brisingr to his left hand, <b>picked
up</b> one of the soldiers’ spears, and heaved it at the archers forty feet
above. (Paolini, 2011: 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Begitu hujan anak panah berhenti,
Eragon memindahkan Brisingr ke tangan kirinya, <b>memungut</b> salah satu tombak prajurit, dan melontarkannya ke para
pemanah sekitar dua belas meter di atas. (Chusfani, 2012: 25).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: She <b>threw back</b> her spiky head and roared her triumph, drowning out the
clamor of the city with ferocity of her cry. (Paolini, 2011: 7).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Ia <b>melontarkan</b> kepalanya yang bertanduk ke arah atas dan meraungkan
kemenangan, menenggelamkan keributan dalam kota dengan keganasan jeritannya.
(Chusfani, 2012: 26).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: Many were <b>hunched over</b>, as if expecting a blow; others gaped at the front of
the damaged keep. (Paolini, 2011: 19).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Banyak yang <b>merunduk</b>, seolah-olah menyangka bakal ada ledakan; yang lain-lain
ternganga menatap bagian depan benteng. (Chusfani, 2012: 35).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example (1), the kind of shift that occurs in that example is unit shift. The
noun phrase <i>was stabbing</i> in the
source language has a different rank with its translation in the source
language. It is translated into <i>menusuk </i>which
is ranked as a word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a
phrase to a word. It happens because the phrase <i>was stabbing</i> in the source language can be represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>using a single word <i>menusuk</i> in the source language. Based on its translation, we can
state that the translation from the phrase <i>was
stabbing</i> into word <i>menusuk</i> is
good because there is not lost meaning in the result although the phrase in the
source language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the second example, it is a unit shift that occurs here. The verb phrase <i>conjure up </i>in the source language has a
different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>memunculkan</i> which is ranked as a
word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word.
Like the previous example, this shift happens because the phrase <i>conjure up </i>in the source language can be
represented using a single word <i>memunculkan</i>
in the source language. If we focus on its translation, we can state that the
translation from the phrase <i>conjure up</i>
into word <i>memunculkan</i> is good because
there is not lost meaning in the result, although the phrase in the source
language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In example number (3), the kind of shift
that occurs in this example is unit shift. The verb phrase <i>picked up</i> in the source language has a different rank with its
translation in the source language. It is translated into <i>memungut</i> which is ranked as a word in the source language. So, the
departure happens from a phrase to a word. It happens because the phrase <i>pick up</i> in the source language can be
represented<span style="color: red;"> </span>using a single word <i>memungut</i> in the source language. About
the translation, we can state that the translation from the phrase <i>picked up</i> into word <i>memungut</i> is good because there is not lost meaning in the result,
and even the phrase in the source language is represented as a single word in
the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
kind of shift that occurs in example number (4) is unit shift. The verb phrase <i>threw back</i> in the source language has a
different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>melontarkan</i> which is ranked as a
word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word.
It happens because a single word <i>melontarkan</i>
in the source language can represent the phrase <i>threw back</i> in the source language. Like the previous example, we
can state that the translation from the phrase <i>threw back</i> into word <i>melontarkan</i>
is good because there is no lost meaning in the result although the phrase in
the source language is represented as a single word in the target language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
example number (5) shows us an example of unit shift. The verb phrase <i>hunched over</i> in the source language has
a different rank with its translation in the source language. It is translated
into <i>merunduk</i> which is ranked as a
word in the source language. So, the departure happens from a phrase to a word.
It happens because a single word <i>merunduk</i>
in the source language can represent the phrase <i>hunched over</i> in the source language. Based on its translation, we
can conclude that the translation from the phrase <i>hunched over</i> into word <i>merunduk</i>
is good because there is no lost meaning in the result although the phrase in
the source language is actually represented as a single word in the target
language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3.2.4 Intra-system
Shifts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Intra-system
shift is the shift that occurs internally, within a system: that is, for those
cases where source language and target language possess systems which
approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when
translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the target
language system (Catford, 1965: 80). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Examples:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1) SL: The men shuffled backward,
although they kept their <b>spears</b> and <b>pikes</b> trained on the ragged hole
Saphira had torn in the castle’s outer wall. (Paolini, 2011: 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Lelaki-lelaki itu mundur, meski
mereka membiarkan <b>tombak</b> dan <b>seligi</b> terpancang pada lubang kasar
yang dibuat Saphira pada tembok luar kastel. (Chusfani, 2012: 21).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2) SL: A directionless blue light <b>illuminated</b> the space. (Paolini, 2011:
25).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Cahaya biru <b>menerangi</b> ruangan. (Chusfani, 2012: 39).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3) SL: Grimrr<b>’s</b> chest swelled, and his expression became, if possible, even more
self-satisfied. (Paolini, 2011: 39).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Dada Grimrr menggembung, dan
ekspressinya, jika mungkin, menjadi lebih pongah lagi. (Chusfani, 2012: 52).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4) SL: He motioned toward the entrance <b>of</b> the tent. (Paolini, 2011: 55).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: Ia menunjuk pintu tenda. (Chusfani,
2012: 65).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5) SL: <b>He</b> wants us to bring you to him. (Paolini, 2011: 492).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TL: <b>Dia</b>
ingin kita membawamu kepadanya. (Chusfani, 2012: 403).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> As we can see, intra-system shift
occurs in the first example, the words <i>spears</i>
and <i>pikes</i> in the source language are
categorized as plural nouns. But, they are translated into words <i>tombak</i> and <i>seligi</i> which are categorized as singular nouns in the target
language. It happens because English language constantly requires a clear form
of written or spoken plural nouns, but Indonesian language does not do that. In
Indonesian, the use of singular noun is generally used to refer something in
common or plural nouns. Based on its translation, the translations of the words
<i>spears</i> and <i>pikes</i> into <i>tombak</i> and <i>seligi</i> are good because both source language
text and target language text have or carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example number (2), it is an intra-system shift that occurs here. The word <i>illuminated</i> in the source language is in
a past form. But, it is translated into the word <i>menerangi</i> which does not have past form in the target language. It
happens because English has many forms of verb used in tenses, but Indonesian
does not have them. Because both source language text and target language text
have or carry the same meaning, it can be said that the translation of the word
<i>illiminated</i> into <i>menerangi</i> is good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seen
from the translation shifts, example number (3) shows intra-system shift. The possessive
marker <i>‘s</i> in the source language is untranslated
in the target language. It happens because English language constantly requires
a certain marker of possessive, but Indonesian language does not do that. In
Indonesian, the structure of <i>dada+ Grimrr</i>
is enough to show that <i>dada</i> belongs
to <i>Grimrr</i>. Seen from the translation,
it can be stated that the translation between the source language and the
target language is good because both of them have or carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Intra-system
shift also occurs in the example (4). The preposition <i>of</i> in the source language is used to show possessive; in this case,
<i>the entrance</i> belongs to <i>the tent</i>. But, it is omitted in the
target language. It happens because Indonesian language does not certainly require
prepositions in showing possessive like English does. In Indonesian, the
structure of <i>pintu+ tenda</i> is enough to
show that <i>pintu</i> belongs to <i>tenda</i>. Based on the translation, it can
be said that the translation between the source language and the target
language is good because they carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
example number (5), there is an intra-system shift. The word <i>he</i> in the source language shows that the
gender of this pronoun is male. But, it is translated into the word <i>dia</i> which does not show its gender in
the target language. It happens because the third person <i>dia</i> in Indonesian language may represent both genders, male and
female. The translation between the source language and the target language is
good because both of them carry the same meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Aris Darmapatihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05619584306592174911noreply@blogger.com0