email me : arispark@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Problems
Language
is one of the most important parts of human life. It is the human capacity for
using complex systems of communication, and a language is a specific example of
such a system. There are many languages in this world. Chinese, Japanese,
French, Germany, English and Spanish are some examples of popular languages.
Most people in this world use English as their first or second language.
English, one of those popular languages is known as an international language. We
know that English is used in world life aspects, in music lyrics, in speech, in
movie dialogues etc.
We
also study about translation in English because translation also plays an
important role in communication between two different languages. Larson (1984)
states that translation is basically a change of form. When we speak of the
form of a language, we are referring to the actual words, phrase, clause,
sentences, paragraph, etc., which are spoken or written. These forms are
referred to as the surface structure of a language. (Larson, 1984: 3)
Publication
media is the place of many various kinds of translation. Novel is one of the
most popular publications. There are thousands novels publicized in the world
and many best-seller novels are translated into many languages. An
English-language novel can be translated into many
languages like French, Japanese, Indonesian, Spain etc. Like common popular
novels, Inheritance (2011) by Christopher Paolini (English) is also
translated into many languages and one of them is Indonesian.
We
can find English-Indonesian translations in Novel Inheritance. The original novel is translated into Indonesian by
Poppy D. Chusfani and edited by Donna Widjajanto. In these novels, we can find
an interesting case. Let’s see these examples:
1. SL:
The blue sword flashed bright and iridescent,
stark against the
wall of black clouds building in the
west. (Paolini, 2011: 1)
TL: Pedang biru itu berkilat terang
dan memancarkan cahaya
berwarna-warni,
tampak mencolok dilatarbelakangi awan hitam yang bergulung-gulung di barat.
(Chusfani, 2012: 21)
2. SL:
An arrow whizzed past him; he paid
it no mind. (Paolini, 2011: 1)
TL: Sebuah
anak panah berdesing di dekatnya. Ia
tidak mengindah-
kannya. (Chusfani, 2012: 21)
According
to unit or rank, the rank of example SL (1) “iridescent” is a word but in
example TL (1), it is translated into “memancarkan cahaya berwarna-warni” which
is a phrase. This rank changing also occurred in example SL (2) “arrow”
translated into example TL (2) “anak panah”. Example SL (2) is a word and
example TL (2) is a phrase. According to Catford’s translation shifts theory,
this case is called Unit/rank shifts (change of rank). There are also others
interesting cases that related to translation shifts. In order to know more
about translation shifts, we have to analyze it by doing a research.
Based
on this background, I am interested in investigating about the variations of
translation shifts found in English and Indonesian novels, Inheritance by Christopher Paolini.
1.2 Scope of Discussion
Based on the background, there are
many problems related to English-Indonesian translation shifts found in Novel Inheritance. Because of my limited
time, cost and energy, it is impossible to analyze them all. So in this case, I
limit the discussion into two scope of discussions, they are:
1. What
English-Indonesian translation shifts are found in Novel Inheritance?
2. How
do English-Indonesian translation shifts occur in Novel Inheritance?
1.3 Aims
The
aims of this study are divided into three parts; they are general aim, specific
aim, and academic aim.
The
general aim of this writing is to improve my knowledge in understanding theory
of translation, which I have got during my study in the university. Beside
that, I hope this writing can be used as additional knowledge to improve ability
in analyzing shifts.
Beside
the general aim, this research also has specific aim. The specific aim of this
writing is to know more about shifts. I want to know about the variations of English-Indonesian
translation shifts found Novel Inheritance.
The academic aim
of this writing is to fulfill one of the requirements in completing my study in
English Department Faculty of Letters, Warmadewa University. The requirement is
to obtain S1 degree and all of the students should make a terms paper before
being graduated from Warmadewa University.
1.4 Theoretical Basis
In
doing this research, I use a main theory and many supporting theories. The main
theory which is used in this analysis is taken from the theory proposed by Catford
(1965) in his book entitled A Linguistic
Theory of Translation. He states that:
By “shifts” we
mean departures from formal correspondence in the processof going from the SL
(source language) to the TL (target language). Two major types of “shifts” occur:
level shifts and category shifts (Catford, 1965: 73)
Beside theory from Catford,
other theories are also used as supporting theories. They can be seemed is in
bibliography.
1.5 Methods of Research
Method of research is very important
in presenting the analysis of data as well as drawing conclusion. The methods
of research that will be used in this writing are applied in determining data
source, data collection, and data analysis.
The
data of this paper will be taken from the Inheritance
novels (English and Indonesian) that are related to the research. These
novels are chosen because the writer and the translator are native speakers and
these novels are fit to become my data source.
The
data collection of this paper will be done by using library research. First, I
will read the two novels and then the data will be collected by marking/quoting
the sentences in the novels which are related to topic. Then the data will be
written on a paper and then I classify the data based on their relationship to
the theory.
After the data are collected and
classified based on their relationship to the theories of translation shifts,
then all the data will be analyzed descriptively by using the theories of translation
shifts.
OUTLINE
CHAPTER
II
2.1 Definition of
Translation
2.2 Kinds of
Translation
2.2.1 Literal
Translation
2.2.2 Idiomatic
Translation
2.3 The Process of
Translation
2.4 Translation
Equivalence
2.4.1 Textual
Equivalence
2.4.2 Formal
Equivalence
2.5 Definition of
Translation Shifts
2.6 Kinds of
Translation Shifts
2.6.1 Level Shifts
2.6.2 Category Shifts
2.6.2.1 Structure
Shifts
2.6.2.2 Class Shifts
2.6.2.3 Unit/rank
Shifts
2.6.2.4 Intra-system
Shifts
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Catford,
J. C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of
Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Larson,
M. L. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation.
Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
Paolini,
Christopher. 2011. Inheritance. New
York: Laurel-Leaf.
Paolini,
Christopher. 2012. Inheritance.
Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
