Ethics

Understanding Ethics (etymology), derived from the Greek is "Ethos", which
means the character of morality or customs (custom). Ethics is usually closely related
with moral words are from the Latin term, namely "Mos" and
in the plural form of "Mores", which means custom or way of life
person by doing good deeds (decency), and avoid halhal
bad actions.
Ethics and morality is more or less the same sense, but in the activities seharihari
there is a difference, that is moral or morality for the assessment act
done, while ethics is to study the system of values prevailing. Glossary
Another identical with ethics, namely:
- Susila (Sanskrit), more shows to the basics, principles, rules of life
(sila) better (su).
- Virtue (Arabic), meaning moral, and ethical means the science of morals.
The philosopher Aristotle, in his book Ethics Nikomacheia, explaining about
discussion of Ethics, as follows:
- Terminius Techicus
Understanding of ethics in this case is studied for the ethics of science
study the problem of human action or actions.
- Manner and Custom
Discuss ethics-related ordinances and customs (adat) that
inherent in human nature (in herent in human nature) are bound by
notion of "good and bad" behavior or an act of man.
Understanding and definition of ethics from the philosophers or experts differ in their basic concern;
include:
a. Is the moral principles that include knowledge about the goodness and the nature of the
rights (the principles of Morality, including the science of good and the nature of the right)
b. Code of conduct, which is recognized relating to notice the main part of the
human activities. (The rules of conduct, recognize in respect to a particular class of
human actions)
c. Science of human nature is ideal, and moral principles as individuals. (The
science of human character in its ideal state, and moral principles as of an individual)
d. Is the study of an obligation (the science of duty)
Various kinds of e t i k a
In discussing ethics as a science that investigates the response
decency or ethical, that is just as moral talk (mores). Humans
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called ethical, the human is completely intact and able to meet the intent
life in the context of the principle of balance between private interests with the
others, between the spiritual with the carnal, and between the creature standing
themselves with the creator. This includes discussing nilainilai or normanorma
associated with ethics, there are two kinds of ethics (Keraf: 1991: 23), as
follows:
Descriptive Ethics
Ethical review critically and rationally about the attitudes and behavior
humans, and what is being pursued by every person in his life as something that
value. This means that descriptive ethics is talking about the facts as they are,
namely the values and human behavior as a fact related to
situation and the entrenched reality. Can be concluded that the fact
in appreciation of value or no value in a society that is associated
with certain conditions allows human beings to act ethically.
Normative Ethics
A set of ethical attitudes and behavior of the ideal and should be
owned by humans or what should be done by human beings and actions
what is valuable in life. So Normative ethics is the norms that can
guides to be good people and avoid the things that
worse, according to the rules or norms are agreed upon and applied in society.
From the various definitions of the ethical discussion of the above can
classified into three (3) of the definition, is as follows:
- The first type, ethics is seen as a special branch of philosophy that talking
about the value of good and bad of human behavior.
- The second type, the ethics of science is seen as a good talk
The bad human behavior in life together. The definition does not see
the fact that there is diversity of norms, because of the inequality of time and
place, eventually became the science of ethics that is more descriptive and sosiologik.
- The third type, the ethics of science is seen as a normative, and
evaluative value only provides the pros and cons of human behavior.
In this case do not need to show the existence of facts, sufficient information, encourage
and reflect. This definition of ethics is more informative, directive and reflective.
Norms and rules
In the everyday life is often known as the norms or
rules, that is usually a set of values and provide guidance or
specific standards for each person or community to act act, and
behave in accordance with the rules agreed. Benchmarks
or guidelines such as the norm (norm) or the rules which are standard
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which must be obeyed or followed (Soekanto: 1989:7).
Society there are various groups and diverse flow,
each have their own interests, but that common interests
requires the existence of order and security in daily life in
form of mutually agreed rules, which govern behavior in
society, the so-called rules of life.
To meet the needs and interests of life with safe, orderly and
peacefully without interference, it would require an order (order = Ordnung), and the procedures that
embodied in the "rules of the game" a guide for all interactions of life
day-to-day, so that the interests of each member of society is preserved and
guaranteed. Each member of the public understands "the rights and obligations of each
according to the grammar rules, and procedures were commonly called "Siwak F" (in Arabic), and
"norms" (Latin) or measures that serve as guidelines, norms
it has two kinds according to its contents, namely:
a. Command, which is a requirement for someone to do something by
because the result is considered good.
b. The ban, which is a requirement for someone to not do anything
therefore not considered a good result.
This means that the norm is to provide guidance to people how
Must a person acting in society and acts which
be dijalankannya, and actions which should be avoided (Kansil,
1989:81). That norms can be maintained through sanctions, namely
threat of punishment against any who violate it. But in the life
people who are bound by the rules of life called the norm, without or
imposed sanctions for the violation, if someone violates a norm, it will
imposed sanctions in accordance with the level and nature of violations that occurred,
for example, as follows:
• He should know the rules will not talk while smoking cigarettes in front
guests or people who respect, and a contempt sanction only because
considered impolite even though smoking is not prohibited.
Someone guests who want to go home, according to etiquette to be taken up in
front door of the house or office, if not the only form of contempt sanction
for being arrogant and disrespectful of his guest.
• Lift up the receiver after the end of the three-time sound and
say hello, and if the phone was ringing with the rough,
then the sanction is considered "intrupsi" is a show of displeasure that
rude and disrespectful of the caller or the person who is nearby.
• People who steal from others without the owner's knowledge,
then heavy sanctions and penalties related sanctions, both
criminal penalties and civil prison (compensation).
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Then the norm of social life there are four (4) Siwak F or
norms, ie norms of religion, morality, decency and the law (see Annex No. 6).
In practice, divided into general norms (non-law) and
legal norms, enforcement norms in aspects of life can
classified into two kinds of rules, as follows:
1. Aspects of private life (individual) include:
a. Rule confidence to achieve personal life or the sanctity of life
believers.
b. Life of decency, moral values, and ethics that focused on the good life
attaining personal purity of heart which nu-rani virtuous morals
(akhlakul kharimah).
2. Inter-personal aspects of life (society) include:
a. Rules or norms of politeness, manners and social etiketdalam
in everyday society (pleasantliving together).
b. Legal rules that were focused on the creation of order, peace and
justice in the common life or a society filled with
certainty or peace (peaceful living together).
While non-legal norms issue is important enough issue and
The next will be discussed more broadly about the code of conduct and professional codes
PR / PR, which is like moral values, ethics, ethical, etiquette, etiquette in the association
social or community, as a rule the value agreed, respected,
must be obeyed and adhered to.
Moral norms will not be used to assess a doctor when
treat the patient, or a lecturer in the lecture material delivered to the
students, but rather to assess how these professionals
perform tasks and duties well as a virtuous man,
juiur, morals, integrity and responsibility.
Apart from them as professionals or not telling the
give medicine as a healing, or the methodologies and skills in
gave a lecture to the right. In this case the emphasis is "attitude
or behavior "in carrying out their duties and functions as a professional
diembannya to respect others or of human life.
At the end of moral values, ethics, code of conduct and professional ethics standards
is giving way, guidelines, benchmarks and reference for decision
about what action will be done in various situations and under certain conditions
in providing professional services or expertise of each. Decision
ethical decisions or ethics, is the competence aspect of moral behavior as
a professional who has calculated the consequences, as well baikburuknya
the effects of his actions objectively, and at the same time have
responsibility or high integrity. Established professional ethical codes and
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agreed by the professionals is not intended to protect
interests of the individual (subjective), but more emphasis to the interests of more
wide (objective).
Etiquette
Understanding etiquette and ethics are often confused, even though the two terms
There are different meanings, although there are similarities. The term ethics
as described earlier is related to morals (mores), whereas
word etiquette is related to the value of manners, etiquette in the association
formal. The equation is about human behavior is normative ethical.
This means providing guidance or certain norms of how to
person committing the act and not doing a deed.
The term comes from the etiquette Etiquette (France) which means from the beginning of a card
invitation is usually used during the kings of France held
official meetings, parties and receptions for the elite among the royal or noble.
In the meeting has been defined or agreed upon the rules or procedures
conventions to be followed, such as how to dress (dressing), how to sit, how to
shake hands, how to speak, and how to visit with the attitude and behavior management
social etiquette in a formal or official.
The definition of etiquette, according to experts there are few terms, namely the
collection procedures and attitudes in both the association between civilized human beings.
Another opinion says that etiquette is etiquette procedures approved
by a particular society and become the norm as well as a role model in the lake acting as a
members of the public good and fun.