Showing posts with label Fresh. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fresh. Show all posts

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Is there a relationship with Maya Nation Space Creature?

Is there a relationship with Maya Nation Space Creature?







Pakal, The Ancient Maya astronaut?


Written by Erich von Däniken, in his book: In Search of Ancient Gods




An ancient Mayan story says that about 10,000 years ago they were in the peak of civilization. Although archaeological experts doubt the truth of "time 10,000 years ago" that in their writings, but I would still regard it as something very important, because no one can explain where it came from the Mayans were and then where did they go it. Because it has proved, that the cities of the Maya are not destroyed by war or natural disaster reduction. Cities were thus abandoned by its inhabitants. The Maya had vanished without a trace. Why do they have left their cities great, they had established "to survive all time" with the blocks intact?
Has acknowledged that what he called the era "before the ancient world" is between 1000-2000 years before Christ, but in this case is recognized by scholars, they really do not know anything else about the "ancient times" the truth, which preceded the "age before old age ". It is highly likely, that all "real events" in history that has yet to be found, there is mentioned in the books that have been burned by the bishop Landa. There are only three ancient books of the handwriting is not the Mayans burned; the sheet is made from tree bark and folded like a harmonica. The books were called by the name of the place, where each is stored: Dresdensis Codex (Codex = ancient book in handwriting), the Paris Codex and Madrid Codex, also known as TRO-Cortesianus.
Writings that have been yellow because his parents, still have not really understood. Which has dapatdipecahkan is "system according to numbers" they are very good, but simple. They calculate with the scratches, which were given points on it. One point equals 1, the three points with 3, and so on it. Figures 5 is described by a stroke, so the number 7 became a scratch on it plus two points. Mayans also learned relative values and zero. They use the system "vigesima", on the basis of 20. If they want to write the number 23, so they put three points on the "unit" and a scratch on the "twenty". It is easy to distinguish "Twenty strokes" from "scratch limaan". Scratches twenties were much higher place than the place limaan scratches. Mayan calendar has a very high quality. Commencement date of their timeline is a day in the year 3113 BC. The experts from the South American states, that magical year 3113 BC there was no calculation with the actual history of the Maya, but only have real value "symbolic" as saying the Jews "since the creation of the world".
How they can say it is so sure, if we do not know where it came Mayan people and where they vanished away. Very multiply already written article on the Mayan calendar. One fact is, that the calendar was using the system rounds in which each rotation 374.000 year term. The buildings were erected according to calendar: For each day of the month a rung, for each month a "pulpit and finally, on a day to 365, there stood the idol's place. It looks as if the people of the kingdom of the ancient Maya made religious buildings because they were not motivated by the need for trust, but because they impose a calendar to their obligations to meet. Observatory astronomers them, a round building on the two huge terrace towering above the forest grove, located in Chichen Itza. The Mayan astronomers know the orbit of the moon until the fourth decimal and they also can calculate the year of Venus reached up to three decimal places.
According to the ancient story, then the gods of the beginning of the Maya came from the stars, make contact with the earth, and then back again to the star of stars. In the "Popol Vuh", an ancient Mayan story, argued that the 4000 youth from the horizon back to the "seven star", after they suffered defeat in a fight with a man. God Kukulkan apparently betukar news with the Aztecs, who called Quetzalcoatl. He is described as a feathered serpent and come from the sky. If people are the Maya, in her life every day to see the snakes slithering on the ground, it is difficult to understand, why the snakes in the picture and the relief they can "fly". The writings of the Maya are still there, covering 208 pages folded in a manner harmonica. Saw many and many kinds of signs, forms, symbols and forms of combination, it is not surprising that until now could only be solved Little meaning.
The paintings on a given tree fiber thin layer of lime as a basis for his paintings, stored between two sheets of glass. "Dresden Codex" has 74 pages and contains about astronomical calculations and also contains the lists of travel and movement of the moon and Mars. In the paintings were always seen the horrible creature shaped like a snake near the numbers. The creature was associated with the moon and water spewed into the earth. Creature "man" was wearing a mask and head gear are complex, and often seem to put on such a wet suit. Are they pastors Mayans who were conducting experiments animals or animals? The creatures that can not be determined beings, what exactly, by using many tools and strange.
"Paris Codex" was purchased by "Nationable Bibliotheque" (National Library) in the year 1832 from the collection person. Made from the same material with the material "Dresden Codex" and has 22 pages that have been very damaged. In the last century, the maintenance of the pages folded it was so bad that now there were only two pages that can be displayed in a glass box. Fortunately for us is, that of "Paris Codex" especially with the predictions according to the calendar. "Madrid Codex" stored in the "Museo de America" in Madrid and consists of 112 illustrated pages, which can be seen images of the gods in the attitude of the great religious ceremonies. The drawings and parts, until the little ones are very interesting. We can see all sorts of things in the pictures. The gods smoking on the skin of the earth, the gods before eating blood vessels, punishment by puncture of the tongue, a goddess with the head of the snake on the spinning wheel. I had to copy the parts of those books, which is only known to experts only, so that every person who has knowledge and interest in and have attention to this matter, can judge for themselves what is really drawn. I have a suspicion, that the laity will formulate ideas more freely than an expert on the Maya.
During the investigation, the investigation in the field from 1949 to 1952, a Mexican national archaeologist named Alberto Ruz Lhuiller found a corpse storage room at the "Temple of handwritten manuscript" in Palenque. From the front room of the temple is located in the highest pulpit bertangga a pyramid, there is a sloping landing rather steep and slippery with moisture, which leads down to almost 75 feet and ended up 6 feet under ground. The stairs are hidden in such a way, so that we can pull the conclusion, that the staircase was certainly a secret. The size and location of the room match the "notion of witchcraft" (Marcel Brion). The archaeologist and his assistants take three years to clean up those stairs, from top to bottom. Floor room terbuatdari a full-sized stone 14 feet long and 7 feet wide, with a picture of extraordinary relief. I've never seen a lainnnya relief, such a beautiful and meticulous workmanship. Carvings the Maya are all around the corners of the flat surface, but only very Little of the carvings that can be solved means. Flat stone decorated with carvings such as those made in the Dresden Codex Paris and Madrid. In the images we see an earth god mask with feather decorations on his chest, the ropes and pipes of colored stone and not miss a bird which is also considered sacred (Kwitzel birds from Central America). Paul Rivet, one of a group of archaeological experts who have found in the mortuary temples at Palenque, said, that the Indian people portrayed were sitting on the altar of sacrifice and that his seat behind the beard hair engraved weather gods, who always motifmotif recur town Maya cities.
Under the intact rock are beautifully decorated, there is a skeleton in a coffin painted in red. A gold mask covering the face frame; first few stones found on the frame, as if the objects of religious ceremonies and sacrificial objects objects. Since I saw the grave stones in Palengue it, so I interpret and formulate it in terms of technique. It is not an issue, whether we use this point of view or that, but I have a feeling, that there are adventurers space involved in this matter. The best portraits I've ever seen on a stone tomb, which lies behind the locked iron doors, was captured by the photographic film "The trains of the god of war kah? "After eight times to apply, the Government allowed us to work for half an hour by using cameras and lights - floodlights. This portrait portrait will give a better picture to the readers on matters of which I speak of the pictures in my first book. Finally, it steadied to all, that the grave stone is a framework that in the middle there are creatures, who sat slightly bent forward (as an astronaut in the command module).
Alien was wearing a helmet hat, from the back of the helmet cap sticking out of two pipe stems. In front of the nose is oxygen apparatus. The creature was working on such a key instrument observations with both hands. The radius of the upper set, as if the creature is set a button in front of him. We see from the rear, four fingers of his other hand under her little finger crooked. Is the creature did not look like he was working on control equipment such as those found on the steering wheel motorcycle? Heel of his left leg above the bertangga pedals. Who saw the relief on the Palengue be surprised to see the reality, that "the Indians who were on the altar of sacrifice" is wearing very modern clothing. Just below the chin is kind of a roll neck sweater. Has a narrow sleeve sleeve, which ends at the wrist folded up. He used his belt on his wrists, folded up. He uses a wide belt, and wearing long pants, a wide top and patterned like the eyes of the nets, while the lower, ranging from just above the knee to hold the ankle is narrow. In the visible part of ankle socks, dress like a complete outfit for an astronaut!, The equipment in it where the space travelers were sitting stiffly curled, showing the technical characteristics as the equipment for space travel.

Dome of the Resurrection in the Arctic

Dome of the Resurrection in the Arctic



A very strong building was built at the North Pole to save the seeds from the official worldwide operational. Facility known as the Dome of the Resurrection (Doomsday Vault) is created within a frozen mountain on the Svalbard Islands, Norway, 1100 kilometers from the north pole.
This dome will serve to save the seeds from around the world to protect the germplasm. The hope, in the event of major disasters that struck the world, seeds are stored in the dome will be a source of human salvation before the famine.
Because the function as the savior of mankind, the dome of the Dome was named Doomsday (Doomsday Vault). Dome is located inside a frozen mountain on the Svalbard Islands, Norway, 1100 kilometers from the North Pole.




In a statement, Prime Minister of Norway Jens Stoltenberg called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is our redemption policy. "This is the 'Noah's Ark' to protect the biological diversity of future generations," said Jens Stoltenberg in the opening ceremony of the dome.
A monumental event was also attended by European Commission President Jose Manual Barroso and 2004 Nobel Peace Prize, Wangari Maathai, from Kenya.
Once established, the dome is located in the belly of the mountain 127.5 meters deep this will save a backup of hundreds of seeds from seed banks around the world. The room in which to load 4.5 million seed samples.
Dome of the construction cost of U.S. $ 9.1 million-a collaboration the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an institution funded UN agencies for food business or the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and Biodiversity International, based in Rome, Italy, expected to be able to a future solution for the survival of human life.

http://www.bluefame.com/lofiversion/index.php/t71916-1850.html

U.F.O. Ancient India

U.F.O. Ancient India


Many UFO investigators want to know some important facts. When the vehicle is called the UFO alien, or maybe it's from tentera kingdom, appeared one more possibility of UFO is probably it comes from ancient India and Atlantis.
What do we know about airplanes ancient Indian people coming than the sources of ancient Indian text that includes writing which came from the hereditary.
Without a lot of prejudice we can say that most of these texts are valid and most of the original view is not yet translated from the old Sanskrit language.
Indian Maharaja Ashoka had founded an organization "Nine Men Mysterious" which is a famous Indian scientists say cataloged a variety of science resources.


Ashoka has work kept them all because he felt that the latest scientific discoveries that will be stuck from ancient Indian sources themselves and it will be misused for the purpose of the cruel war which is not desired by Ashoka himself.
"Nine mystery man" has written nine books related to each other.
The book titled "Secrets Secret of Gravity" is very recognizable among historians, but not considered by them as something to do with gravity.
He is still there, stored in a secret library in India, Tibet, or elsewhere (perhaps also in the vicinity of North America).
Only a few years ago, the people of China have met several sanskrit documents in Lhasa, Tibet, and has been brought to the University Chandrigargh to be translated.
Dr. Ruth Reyna of the University explained that it dukumen contain instructions for creating a spaceship!
Ways of making them, he said, is anti-gravity and berasaskan to one analog system that is "laghima", one source of energy unknown to modern man. According to the Hindu Yoga expert, "laghima" This makes the person has the ability to fly.
Dr.Reyna explained that on board these machines are recognized as "Astras", said to have been used by the ancient Indian society to bring a group of people to another planet, as it appears on the document, which was said to have been thousands of years.
The manuscript was also said to have explained the secret "antima" (the ways to be lost) and "gerima" (how to become heavy as a mountain).
At first, Indian scientists are not so serious with the content of these manuscripts, but then they will menyedari nature of these valuable manuscripts when China announced Wordpress country they will enter certain parts of the manuscript data into their space studies program!
This is one of the first examples of the kingdom to confess to the study of anti-gravity.


Although these manuscripts are clearly explained about the design of inter-planetary exploration and discovery to the moon but did not explain whether all that space perjalananan really done. However one of the famous Indian epic of Ramayana, has a detailed story about an exploration to the moon by using Vimana (or "Astra"). In fact, the Ramayana epic told in detail the edicts of the battle over the moon with a plane "Asvin" (or Atlantean). This is an evidence of the anti-gravity and space ship technology has been used by the ancient Indian society. To really understand the technology, we must look back to the past, the kingdom of Rama in northern India and Pakistan that was formed in the period about 15,000 years ago. At that time mentioned that there has emerged a sophisticated cities in which everything in a systematic order starting from the arrangement Lanscape until the water channel. Remember how the story of a charming Solomon Queen Balqis? What is the palace, which is described when we walk on the floor of the palace, as if we are walking on the surface of the water! Maybe it had something to do. Whereas in the Koran there is mention of a miracle that Solomon could ride the wind. This may be related to the technology developed at that time. Proof of Rama's existence can still be found in the desert of northern Pakistan and western India. Rama is expected to live coeval with the nation on the continent of Atlantis. Seven of the greatest cities in the kingdom of Rama is known as the "Seven Rishi Cities' in classical Hindu texts. According to ancient Indian texts, the public when it has a flying machine called the "Vimanas!" Epiks ancient India have described a Vimana as a plane that has two decks and with the presence of dots shaped hole in the bottom portion of the aircraft and the tower top. Based on the information that we might associate with a UFO flying saucer alias. Vimana said to have the ability to fly with the wind speed and noise bermelodi. There are at least 4 types of Vimana aircraft; some form of plates and other long cylindrical (cone-shaped space ship). Ancient Indian society who produces his own ship, has written about the various types of flight manuals Vimanas, most of the manuscript is still sought after by scientists.


While bgaian manuscripts found even been translated into English. Director Samara is one of scientific literature related to the success of space travel by using a Vimana.
There are 230 poems related to creating, traveling as far as a thousand rocks, landing normally, anxiety, and the story of flight among the birds!
In 1875, a book titled Literature Vaimanika written by written by a scientist named Bhara Dewaji scientists who use the books much longer as the source.
Book was found in a temple in India and in it contained information relating to how to drive a Vimana, rescue measures, the long flight, and protection of aircraft from the threat of storms, lightning, and lightning.
We were explaining how to absorb the sun's energy. Vaimanika Literature (or Vymaanika-Shaastra) has eight ranks with sketches that describe the three types of aircraft, including the types that can be easily burned or destroyed.
He also explained about the 31 types of specific parts for these vehicles and 16 raw materials as a source of energy which can also absorb light and heat energy that is suitable for moving the Vimana.
This document has been translated into English and can be obtained by sending a letter to the publisher for Vymaani Dashaastra Aeronotics Maharishi Bharadwaaja.
Translated into English and edited, printed and issued by En. G.R. Josyer, Mysore, India, 1979. En. Josyer is a director of Inter-academy Nations Technical Sanskrit, is located in Mysore.
Indeed there is no doubt that the Vimana has been driven by energy sources "anti-gravity". Vimana off transversely, and said to be able to fly across the sky like a modern helicopter.
Bharadvajy refer that no less than 70 people and 10 government experts involved air travel.
This energy source has now been lost. Vimana has been kept in a Vimana griha, such as penyangkut, and is said sometimes painted with a kind of yellowish-white paint and sometimes with a kind of mercury materials.
Yellowish white paint looks suspiciously like gaselin and may count Vimana has a different energy sources, including the engine driver and a jet engine instead of nerve.
It is interesting to note that the Nazis had also developed a jet engine for the nervous first practical rocket V.8 them.
Kakitangan Hitler and the Nazis are also said to interested in ancient Indian and Tibetan so that at the beginning of the year 30 - has led an expedition team to the second place every year, in an effort to obtain evidence and not impossible to say that the Nazis could get their scientific guidance from These two ancient sources.
Dranaparva which refers to a part of Mahabharata and Ramayana epiks, Vimana described as shaped like an oblong shape and has great speed as strong winds, the material produced by mercury.
He moved like a UFO, up and down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In the one other Indian sources that have been explained how Samaranganasutradhara these vehicles formed.


At times it has been known to use the material as fuel mercury Vimana, see the picture described by the book.
Many Russian scientists surprised when he found a note in the form of driving guidelines listed on the cave wall bebeperapa in Turkey and the Gobi Desert.
From carving and reliefs contained in the pieces of clay and glass described how a vehicle speeding cosmic.
The plane was flying between the planets is represented by a triangle that contains the symbol of mercury. This clearly shows that the people of ancient India has been able to send a messenger with this vehicle and explore the Asian region, Atlantis, to South America.
At Mohenjodaro (Pakistan) there is a manuscript that describes the Ramayana war using all forms of weaponry and vehicles that fly semcam.
Imagine how laser technology, jets, and rockets already in the kingdom since the first Ramayana and destroy civilization at that time.
Let's look at verses written in the book Mahawira and Bhawabhuti derived from the 8th century: "An air vehicle, Pushpaka brought many people to the capital city of Ayodhya. The sky was filled with flying cars. dark as night, but they are visible from the yellow light. "
Vimana Unfortunately, like most other scientific creation, has been used for war purposes.
The people of Atlantis used to fly their vehicles, "Vailixi" to attack other countries and dominate the world.
In ancient Indian texts known as the nation they Aswins. Although there is no record of the aircraft from the Atlantis Vailixi themselves but their arrival to India through the air a lot to tell.
Description Vailixi long cylindrical and can fly but also capable of moving under the water like a modern submarine.
Other vehicles, such as a plate-shaped Vimana and may also be moving under the water.
According Eklal Kuehshana, author of "The Ultimate Frontier", in an article he wrote in 1966, states that the earliest Vailixi made in Atlantis is approximately 20.000 years ago and the most common form is the form of a plate with three engine room underneath. "
"They use a mechanical device that anti-gravity machine using the power of 80.000 horse power,"
In the Mahabharata text, one of the sources that explain Vimana, there is explained about the great extinction which shows the impression of the war: "... (The weapon is) a tool that contains all the energy in this world.
A large cloud of smoke and bright light like the light of the sun thousands have been produced ... One jet crash, a death messenger powerful, which caused havoc throughout descent and Vrishni .. Andhaka their bodies charred and could not recognize.
Hair and nails them apart; broke without cause, and the birds switch to white .. after several hours all contribute contaminated feed materials .. to stand off rather than fire, the army plunged into the river to cleanse themselves and their equipment .. "
From this explanation, as if Mahabrata was described a situation of war using atomic bombs!
Now the West has been able to uncover some of the secrets of gravity .. they have been able to create anti-gravity machine from energy-producing field they call elektromagnetasi as levitasi, but still not yet put into practice .. if we are from Southeast Asia have been indifferent to this course? Snap.
Such reference is not just one; war amazing weapons and vehicles used to fly a description in the books of the Indian epic.
There is a war epic depicting the Vimana-Vailixi in months! Battle described in the above action describes exactly the impression one atomic explosion and radioactive impression on the population.
When the big cities at Mohenjodaro Rishi (Pakistan) was found by the archeology at the end of the last century, they saw the skeletons lying in the streets, some holding hands, as if they had been hit by a catastrophe that is arriving very dasyhat - arrived.
In these frameworks are highly radioactive remains, similar to that found in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
From the ancient cities built of bricks and rocks that have changed shape, namely in India, Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and some other places, there is no logical explanation about the change but due to the atomic explosion.
In addition, at Mohenjo-daro, a large city in terancang in grids, with the system a better channel than there are in Pakistan and India, its streets filled with debris "black glass".
These fragments would then known as a clay soil, which had been melted by the heat of the transgressors.
Post-extinction sinking of Atlantis and Rama due to atomic weapons, the world for a moment back to the stone age like a few thousand years earlier.
Nevertheless, it seems not all of Vimana and Vailixi Rama and Atlantis that was lost. Because created to function for thousands of years, most can still be used, like those found in karyatulis "Nine Unknown Men", Ashoka, and the Lhasa manuscript.
What's interesting is that there is a passage of history which states that when Alexander the Great invaded India more than two thousand years ago, troops have been attacked by "flying shields and shining" frightening tentera troops and cavalry.
However "flying plates" that does not use any atomic bombs or other weapons to the army of Alexander.
In those days India also charming Ramai Iskandar. authors stating that most secret societies have kept most of their Vimana and Vailixi in secret caverns in Tibet or elsewhere in Central Asia and the Lop Nor Desert in western China which until now known as the center of a great UFO mystery.
Maybe that's where most of the space ship is stored, in an underground base built by the Americans, British, and Russia a few decades ago.
But the appearance of UFOs in the present is so often still left a lot of questions about their activities.

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Jellyfish in japan

 
jellyfish in japan, what's happen?
http://iwandahnial.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/

Unique Automatic cigarette machine

Not vain people can buy cigarettes, at least in Japan. State "Sunrise" is a way to prevent children buying cigarettes, the proposed one is using facial recognition systems.



Automatic cigarette machine vendors will measure the wrinkles, the wrinkles in the corner of his eyes, and sagging skin to assess whether the purchaser is old enough.

The minimum age for smoking in Japan is 20 years old and this is exploited by developing a company identifier system with the buyer's age novel way of studying faces.

Business is done over 570 thousand will disebarnya vending machines throughout Japan. The law requires that the machine should be able to ensure that the purchaser is old enough.

Purchasers are required to look into a digital camera connected to the machine. System built Fujitaka Co.. will compare the novel characters like wrinkled faces around the face, skull structure and sagging skin.

"We have more than 100 thousand faces data," said spokesman Fujitaka Co.., Hajime Yamamoto, as Reuters reported.

"With a face recognition system, provided little money and are old enough, you can buy cigarettes as usual. Tactic child without identification card borrowing can also be overcome," says Yamamoto.

Japanese finance ministry has given permission for the "smart card" that can identify the age, or "taspo", in addition to consent to a system that can read the age from the SIM card.

The Ministry had not permitted the face identification method because not sure of its accuracy.

Yamamoto said the system could recognize 90 percent of buyers properly, the remaining 10 percent into "gray areas", that is, they are "children who look older or adult child faced". Machine will ask them to insert the SIM card, to ensure that potential buyers age belonging to "gray".

Under-age smokers has decreased the number in Japan, but a health ministry survey in 2004 showed that 13 percent of the students and 4 percent of high school third grader smoking every day. Their ages ranged between 17 and 18 years.

* karodalnet.blogspot.com

Monday, December 28, 2009

four differences between ethics and etiquette

four differences between

ethics and etiquette, which is generally as follows:

1. Ethics is the intention, whether the act be done or not in accordance

consideration of good or bad intentions as a result. Etiquette is a set

way, to do right actions as expected.

2. Ethics is the conscience (bathiniah), how to behave ethically and whether the

actually arises from the consciousness itself. Etiquette is a formality (surface),

visible from the outside is full of attitude courtesy and kindness.

3. Ethics are absolute, that is not negotiable, if the good deeds

be commended and that one should get a penalty.

Etiquette is relative, that is considered rude in some cultures

certain areas, but not necessarily in other areas.

4. Ethics enforcement, does not depend on whether or not other people in attendance.

Etiquette applies only if there are other people present, and if no one else

the label does not apply.

empat (4) perbedaan antara etika dan etiket

empat perbedaan antara

etika dan etiket, yaitu secara umumnya sebagai berikut:

1. Etika adalah niat, apakah perbuatan itu boleh dilakukan atau tidak sesuai

pertimbangan niat baik atau buruk sebagai akibatnya. Etiket adalah menetapkan

cara, untuk melakukan perbuatan benar sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

2. Etika adalah nurani (bathiniah), bagaimana harus bersikap etis dan baik yang

sesungguhnya timbul dari kesadaran dirinya. Etiket adalah formalitas (lahiriah),

tampak dari sikap luarnya penuh dengan sopan santun dan kebaikan.

3. Etika bersifat absolut, artinya tidak dapat ditawar-tawar lagi, kalau perbuatan baik

mendapat pujian dan yang salah harus mendapat sanksi.

Etiket bersifat relatif, yaitu yang dianggap tidak sopan dalam suatu kebudayaan

daerah tertentu, tetapi belum tentu di tempat daerah lainnya.

4. Etika berlakunya, tidak tergantung pada ada atau tidaknya orang lain yang hadir.

Etiket hanya berlaku, jika ada orang lain yang hadir, dan jika tidak ada orang lain

maka etiket itu tidak berlaku.

Ethics

Understanding Ethics (etymology), derived from the Greek is "Ethos", which
means the character of morality or customs (custom). Ethics is usually closely related
with moral words are from the Latin term, namely "Mos" and
in the plural form of "Mores", which means custom or way of life
person by doing good deeds (decency), and avoid halhal
bad actions.
Ethics and morality is more or less the same sense, but in the activities seharihari
there is a difference, that is moral or morality for the assessment act
done, while ethics is to study the system of values prevailing. Glossary
Another identical with ethics, namely:
- Susila (Sanskrit), more shows to the basics, principles, rules of life
(sila) better (su).
- Virtue (Arabic), meaning moral, and ethical means the science of morals.
The philosopher Aristotle, in his book Ethics Nikomacheia, explaining about
discussion of Ethics, as follows:
- Terminius Techicus
Understanding of ethics in this case is studied for the ethics of science
study the problem of human action or actions.
- Manner and Custom
Discuss ethics-related ordinances and customs (adat) that
inherent in human nature (in herent in human nature) are bound by
notion of "good and bad" behavior or an act of man.
Understanding and definition of ethics from the philosophers or experts differ in their basic concern;
include:
a. Is the moral principles that include knowledge about the goodness and the nature of the
rights (the principles of Morality, including the science of good and the nature of the right)
b. Code of conduct, which is recognized relating to notice the main part of the
human activities. (The rules of conduct, recognize in respect to a particular class of
human actions)
c. Science of human nature is ideal, and moral principles as individuals. (The
science of human character in its ideal state, and moral principles as of an individual)
d. Is the study of an obligation (the science of duty)
Various kinds of e t i k a
In discussing ethics as a science that investigates the response
decency or ethical, that is just as moral talk (mores). Humans
2
called ethical, the human is completely intact and able to meet the intent
life in the context of the principle of balance between private interests with the
others, between the spiritual with the carnal, and between the creature standing
themselves with the creator. This includes discussing nilainilai or normanorma
associated with ethics, there are two kinds of ethics (Keraf: 1991: 23), as
follows:
Descriptive Ethics
Ethical review critically and rationally about the attitudes and behavior
humans, and what is being pursued by every person in his life as something that
value. This means that descriptive ethics is talking about the facts as they are,
namely the values and human behavior as a fact related to
situation and the entrenched reality. Can be concluded that the fact
in appreciation of value or no value in a society that is associated
with certain conditions allows human beings to act ethically.
Normative Ethics
A set of ethical attitudes and behavior of the ideal and should be
owned by humans or what should be done by human beings and actions
what is valuable in life. So Normative ethics is the norms that can
guides to be good people and avoid the things that
worse, according to the rules or norms are agreed upon and applied in society.
From the various definitions of the ethical discussion of the above can
classified into three (3) of the definition, is as follows:
- The first type, ethics is seen as a special branch of philosophy that talking
about the value of good and bad of human behavior.
- The second type, the ethics of science is seen as a good talk
The bad human behavior in life together. The definition does not see
the fact that there is diversity of norms, because of the inequality of time and
place, eventually became the science of ethics that is more descriptive and sosiologik.
- The third type, the ethics of science is seen as a normative, and
evaluative value only provides the pros and cons of human behavior.
In this case do not need to show the existence of facts, sufficient information, encourage
and reflect. This definition of ethics is more informative, directive and reflective.
Norms and rules
In the everyday life is often known as the norms or
rules, that is usually a set of values and provide guidance or
specific standards for each person or community to act act, and
behave in accordance with the rules agreed. Benchmarks
or guidelines such as the norm (norm) or the rules which are standard
3
which must be obeyed or followed (Soekanto: 1989:7).
Society there are various groups and diverse flow,
each have their own interests, but that common interests
requires the existence of order and security in daily life in
form of mutually agreed rules, which govern behavior in
society, the so-called rules of life.
To meet the needs and interests of life with safe, orderly and
peacefully without interference, it would require an order (order = Ordnung), and the procedures that
embodied in the "rules of the game" a guide for all interactions of life
day-to-day, so that the interests of each member of society is preserved and
guaranteed. Each member of the public understands "the rights and obligations of each
according to the grammar rules, and procedures were commonly called "Siwak F" (in Arabic), and
"norms" (Latin) or measures that serve as guidelines, norms
it has two kinds according to its contents, namely:
a. Command, which is a requirement for someone to do something by
because the result is considered good.
b. The ban, which is a requirement for someone to not do anything
therefore not considered a good result.
This means that the norm is to provide guidance to people how
Must a person acting in society and acts which
be dijalankannya, and actions which should be avoided (Kansil,
1989:81). That norms can be maintained through sanctions, namely
threat of punishment against any who violate it. But in the life
people who are bound by the rules of life called the norm, without or
imposed sanctions for the violation, if someone violates a norm, it will
imposed sanctions in accordance with the level and nature of violations that occurred,
for example, as follows:
• He should know the rules will not talk while smoking cigarettes in front
guests or people who respect, and a contempt sanction only because
considered impolite even though smoking is not prohibited.
Someone guests who want to go home, according to etiquette to be taken up in
front door of the house or office, if not the only form of contempt sanction
for being arrogant and disrespectful of his guest.
• Lift up the receiver after the end of the three-time sound and
say hello, and if the phone was ringing with the rough,
then the sanction is considered "intrupsi" is a show of displeasure that
rude and disrespectful of the caller or the person who is nearby.
• People who steal from others without the owner's knowledge,
then heavy sanctions and penalties related sanctions, both
criminal penalties and civil prison (compensation).
4
Then the norm of social life there are four (4) Siwak F or
norms, ie norms of religion, morality, decency and the law (see Annex No. 6).
In practice, divided into general norms (non-law) and
legal norms, enforcement norms in aspects of life can
classified into two kinds of rules, as follows:
1. Aspects of private life (individual) include:
a. Rule confidence to achieve personal life or the sanctity of life
believers.
b. Life of decency, moral values, and ethics that focused on the good life
attaining personal purity of heart which nu-rani virtuous morals
(akhlakul kharimah).
2. Inter-personal aspects of life (society) include:
a. Rules or norms of politeness, manners and social etiketdalam
in everyday society (pleasantliving together).
b. Legal rules that were focused on the creation of order, peace and
justice in the common life or a society filled with
certainty or peace (peaceful living together).
While non-legal norms issue is important enough issue and
The next will be discussed more broadly about the code of conduct and professional codes
PR / PR, which is like moral values, ethics, ethical, etiquette, etiquette in the association
social or community, as a rule the value agreed, respected,
must be obeyed and adhered to.
Moral norms will not be used to assess a doctor when
treat the patient, or a lecturer in the lecture material delivered to the
students, but rather to assess how these professionals
perform tasks and duties well as a virtuous man,
juiur, morals, integrity and responsibility.
Apart from them as professionals or not telling the
give medicine as a healing, or the methodologies and skills in
gave a lecture to the right. In this case the emphasis is "attitude
or behavior "in carrying out their duties and functions as a professional
diembannya to respect others or of human life.
At the end of moral values, ethics, code of conduct and professional ethics standards
is giving way, guidelines, benchmarks and reference for decision
about what action will be done in various situations and under certain conditions
in providing professional services or expertise of each. Decision
ethical decisions or ethics, is the competence aspect of moral behavior as
a professional who has calculated the consequences, as well baikburuknya
the effects of his actions objectively, and at the same time have
responsibility or high integrity. Established professional ethical codes and
5
agreed by the professionals is not intended to protect
interests of the individual (subjective), but more emphasis to the interests of more
wide (objective).
Etiquette
Understanding etiquette and ethics are often confused, even though the two terms
There are different meanings, although there are similarities. The term ethics
as described earlier is related to morals (mores), whereas
word etiquette is related to the value of manners, etiquette in the association
formal. The equation is about human behavior is normative ethical.
This means providing guidance or certain norms of how to
person committing the act and not doing a deed.
The term comes from the etiquette Etiquette (France) which means from the beginning of a card
invitation is usually used during the kings of France held
official meetings, parties and receptions for the elite among the royal or noble.
In the meeting has been defined or agreed upon the rules or procedures
conventions to be followed, such as how to dress (dressing), how to sit, how to
shake hands, how to speak, and how to visit with the attitude and behavior management
social etiquette in a formal or official.
The definition of etiquette, according to experts there are few terms, namely the
collection procedures and attitudes in both the association between civilized human beings.
Another opinion says that etiquette is etiquette procedures approved
by a particular society and become the norm as well as a role model in the lake acting as a
members of the public good and fun.